Principles of Education

Hypothetical and down to earth instructing and learning are the principal parts of training. Since the mid twentieth century, training has been a basic piece of nursing (Bastable 2008). Medical attendant instructors experience an assorted variety of learning styles and are tested when expected to create and adjust their training techniques to oblige understudies learning (Arthurs 2007). Tutors have a duty to help the understudy inside work on, expanding upon the understudies level of preparing (Kinnell and Hughes 2010). This paper will talk about the significance of the medical caretakers job corresponding to encouraging the two understudies and patients and will fundamentally assess the writing used to assemble an exercise plan (Appendix 2) while examining the way toward learning and educating. A significant job of the medical caretaker since the mid-1800s has been the duty of educating. Teaching different medical caretakers for proficient practice and advancing wellbeing were incorporated. Florence Nightingale, a definitive teacher, affected the nurse’s job to incorporate instructing families, patients and partners (Glanville 2000). Tilley et al (2006), states that by the 1900s the significance of the medical attendant as instructor was comprehended as forestalling ailment and advancing wellbeing. The National Midwifery Council (NMC) has for quite a long time set forth proclamations on the capacities, guidelines, and capabilities for nursing practice. Tolerant instructing and the nurse’s job as instructor to partners and understudy medical attendants are key components (NMC 2002). Getting formal arrangement in the standards of instructing and learning is a significant part as there is a lot of information and aptitude to be obtained as instructor with productivity and adequacy. A student can't be made to learn, however a powerful methodology in teaching others is to effectively include students in the training procedure. † (Bodenheimer et al. 2002 refered to in Bastable 2008: 13). By functioning as a group an association reasoning ought to permit the nurse’s job as educator of patients, famil ies and understudies to be reachable. A developing assortment of proof recommends that compelling training and student support go connected at the hip. The medical caretaker should go about as a facilitator, making a situation helpful for discovering that inspires people to need to learn (Arthurs 007). Medical attendant teachers experience an assortment of learning styles when confronted with forthcoming medical caretakers. Nursing understudies will have a variable age bunch with more youthful understudies conceivably ignorant of their learning styles just as develop understudies who might be established in one method of learning (Arthurs 2007). Nursing instruction being essentially clinically centered outcomes in restricted information on training techniques causing difficulties for the medical caretaker instructor, this blend can prompt understudy and educator dissatisfaction with poor scholastic execution among nursing understudies. Dunn and Griggs (2000) contend that showing styles all the more firmly adjusted to an assortment of grown-up students will advance maintenance and use of new information, these variables were considered when structuring index 2. Blossoms Taxonomy (1956 refered to in Moseley et al. 2005: 102) is a framework that depicts, recognizes and orders three spaces of learning †subjective, full of feeling and psychomotor. These spaces are utilized for the improvement of instructional targets and learning results (Appendix 1), the initial phases in the advancement of informative supplement 2. These means recognize what is normal because of the understudies learning experience (Connolly and DeYoung 2004). Airasian (2001) contends that goals limit the learning experience and doesn't open the understudy to promote their insight. Gronlund (2000) discloses that the need to plainly convey the teacher’s desires to the understudies, determining what an understudy should know and have the option to do toward the finish of the meeting is the most significant part. These focuses guided the learning destinations of index 1 planning to permit the understudy to endeavor to accomplish their very own best so as to improve the learning experience. Reece and Walker (2000) accepted that an exercise plan is intended to assist educators with continuing with an exercise sensibly. Can each chance be accommodated? Unquestionably an exercise plan must be provisional and obliging permitting substitute educators to follow if essential. Thusly it is just a bit by bit direct with estimation of time, addressing and likelihood, anyway needs to hold satisfactory substance so as to be followed and comprehended. Fleming and Mill’s learning structure typology (Nilson 2003) reflects learning from a physical perspective of visual, sound-related, read/compose and kinaesthetic inclinations. Visual students depend upon sight for their adapting needs, for example, introductions, graphs and pictures with the utilization of shading to improve information maintenance (Susskind 2005). Nilson (2003) clarifies that the sound-related student inclines toward data to be clarified and advantage from verbal introductions, for example, talks and conversations. Understudies with inclination of perusing or composing profit by all around organized course readings so as to see new data. Rather than this kind of learning the kinaesthetic student as a rule has fantastic eye-hand-mind coordination esteeming functional data with dynamic contribution (Nilson 2003). The exercise plan of Appendix 2 is organized to suit fluctuated learning styles and arranged towards conveying an assortment of instructing methodologies helping the understudy hold and learn. The wide scope of learning styles spoke to in a huge gathering of nursing understudies makes a solitary kind showing technique incapable for a portion of the class (Arthurs 2007). Index 2 takes into consideration Visual learning using graphs and direct perception of pretend, Auditory learning by a force point introduction and conversation on own encounters, Reading/Writing students gain from the utilization of hand outs with constrained data empowering further perusing just as a course book style useful outline with balanced. Sensation learning is obliged by the utilization of a commonsense area for the clinical aptitude. Nilson (2003) separated that people just hold 10-20% of what they hear, by including visual material to the introduction this can increment by half. Talking includes dynamic cognizance just as hearing and can expand review to 80%, by consolidating talking and applied strategies maintenance increments to 90%. Creating an exercise intend to educate in sound-related, visual and exploratory modes is significant, expanding the accomplishment of a meeting by permitting people an assortment of learning styles improving the capacity of the material to 97% (Knowels, Holton III and Swanson 2008). Figuring out how to suit a scope of learning styles will improve maintenance of many-sided data for both understudy and patient (Arthurs 2007). Anyway this could be contended this is time serious to plan. Time is a premium for the medical attendant, it might be unreasonable to have the opportunity to structure exercise designs that suit all learning styles present in huge classes, Appendix 2 is relevant to a little class of 10-12 understudies, and would not work in an enormous talk theater of more than 100 because of the structure. Data may just be educated through talks because of time requirements requiring the understudy to assist the theme at home. It is in this manner basic that the earth, and number of understudies is surveyed in onjunction with an exercise plan in any case these factors could bring about a fruitless instructing meeting. When showing a patient, the methodology will change, anyway styles will stay comparable. A patient will consistently gain best from a balanced short meeting that is useful with utilization of composed sources such pamphlets permitting the data to be kept by the patient for additional r eference. Hands on or perception experience is additionally a superb structure to show a patient (Quinn 2000). The achievement of a balanced meeting with a patient or family relative will depend profoundly on relational aptitudes. The pace of the instructing must be judged cautiously to guarantee that the patient is keeping up, and the climate should be casual and loose. Variables that may influence patients or understudies' capacity and preparation to learn could incorporate physical issues, mental or intense subject matters, and troubles with cognizance or nature. Index 3 recognizes a scope of regular desires that are fitting to nurture training understudies and stands out these from a patient. There will be varieties inside the two students, anyway the data will be substantial for both. It is intended to guarantee that nurture instructors obviously comprehend the significance of presumptions towards students (Quinn 2000). Concerning Appendix 4 diverse instructing techniques would be utilized to deal with the learning styles required by the patient and that of the understudy. Mrs Helen would require a significant about of educating and direction so as to proceed with her oral mind and comprehend the significance of oral cleanliness (Rosdahl and Kowalski 2008). This data would should be casual, touchy, and proficient, working at the degree of information the patient grasps, permitting Mrs Helen to comprehend through Visual learning with the utilization of handouts and outlines, Auditory through the giving of data and Kinesthetic through show. As a tutor the medical attendant would show the understudy through direct perception, conceivable commitment to the instructing of abilities, trailed by addressing and further exploration to build up the students’ information (Kinnell and Hughes 2010) taking into consideration Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic understudy learning. It is imperative to have the option to consider and address your own adapting needs so as to address the issues of others practically speaking. Training is a significant part of nursing, achieving the aptitudes required for learning and showing something new inside the calling each day is fundamental as examination and innovation is continually advancing. Key contrasts in th

Latin America Transformed

This work centers around four distinct zones for understanding the elements of Center America and the Caribbean. The primary is the similar assessment of advancement strategies in the locale preceding neoliberalism. The second includes logical work that joins the idea of the neoliberal model applied in the Caribbean and Central America. The third is the investigation of the job of movement and exchanging squares contemporary Caribbean and Central American turn of events. The fourth thinks about the Cuban special case as a communist state in an industrialist ocean. The republics of Central America and the Caribbean share numerous recorded qualities. These nations shaped piece of the Spanish pioneer framework for three centuries or more. Be that as it may, the two areas have acquired exceptionally inconsistent conveyances of horticultural land (Gwynne and Kay 104). Despite the fact that the nations spun out of the Spanish provincial circle at various occasions and in various settings, Spanish expansionism built up significant components of intelligibility that helped establish the frameworks for the difficulties of country state development after autonomy. Moreover, Central America and the Caribbean have shared, since the late nineteenth century, the solid political, social, and financial impact of the United States and the improvement of agro-send out economies. Either through the immediate formation of exemplary enclave economies (mining, sugar, timber, bananas, etc); the advancement of fare foundations; or the less noticeable investment in the creation and showcasing of different items, for example, espresso, steers, or food, remote - particularly U.S., German, and English †business people associated the district solidly toward the North Atlantic economy. Starting toward the finish of the nineteenth century, national elites battled to channel and contain social and political developments so as to advance the sort of request and progress they and outside financial specialists relied on and furthermore to build recollections, chronicles, and pictures of countries that were useful to their political and monetary ventures and their fantasies of national force and soundness. Simultaneously, outside political and monetary control and their own interior shortcomings and inconsistencies drove them to look for, in any event logically, national solidarity and autonomy and to make key concessions to mainstream classes trying to shape patriot or populist collusions. This sort of opening both impacted the manners in which famous battles came to be characterized and made circumstances in which well known powers could successfully make their voices heard in the national political field. CBI ought to be viewed as a vanguard strategy for a reconstituted US territorial authority under neoliberalism (Gwynne and Kay 105). Caribbean governments with regards to their endeavors at advancing financial and social turn of events and with the outside obligation emergency hanging vigorously over their heads had been focusing on the requirement for a significant, composed program of crisis help with the type of help and market and speculation inclinations. For sure as right on time as 1979, Edward Seaga, at that point the resistance head of Jamaica, proposed the requirement for a scaled down Marshall Plan and a Puerto Rico-style connection between the US and the Caribbean. CBI could in this way be viewed as a reaction to those interests. The most striking investigations in Cuban history written during the 1970s and 1980s concentrated on the change from slave work to free work in Cuba's estate economy and were driven by the examination of Manuel Moreno Fraginals into Cuba's ranch division and Rebecca Scott's work on the cancelation of subjection and its effect. From that point forward, examines have tended to issues of racial and ethnic development and personality, migration, and social banditry, just as the ladies' and work developments. Jorge Ibarra has started a procedure of update and reevaluation of the exemplary topics of Cuban historiography, including the island's social structure. Since the nineteenth century Cuba has basically had a one-crop (sugar stick) sending out economy with the accompanying vulnerabilities of yield and value variances and breaking down terms of exchange (Gwynne and Kay 118). Cuba is currently completely segregated and conceivably a wellspring of future clash and savagery. Cuba has stopped to be the authoritarian state it used to be as the state itself was seriously debilitated by the breakdown of the Soviet Union in 1991. Prodded on by the global atmosphere preferring provincial exchanging coalitions, Middle American nations have as of late shaped the Association of Caribbean States, however past a few local highest points have made no firm strides towards area wide financial reconciliation (Gwynne and Kay 100). The Association of Caribbean States (ACS) incorporates 200 million (or more) occupants of the area and, alongside organized commerce game plans among CARICOM and Venezuela, Colombia, and the Southern Cone nations, speaks to the union of a Caribbean methodology to take an interest as completely as conceivable in the development toward hemispheric unhindered commerce. Unexpectedly, the Caribbean is moving toward the remote origination of the district in that U.S., European, Japanese, and other outside approach producers have since quite a while ago managed the Caribbean automatically as a consistent, if socially various, unit. Territorial scholastics and arrangement creators, in any case, leave from this automatic view in perceiving that specific parts of sub-bunch uniqueness should even now be kept up. For instance, the current Caribbean Community (CARICOM) joining territory will for a long time to come coincide with the ACS. For both the Caribbean and Central America, the variant of import replacement received to a huge degree included US global enterprises (MNCs) moving creation offices inside the area to serve clients there, as opposed to a sensational extension of locally possessed ventures (Gwynne and Kay 100). Both liberal, free-showcase talk and aggregate assemblages of entrepreneurs (household holding organizations and global companies) led the drive to enter outside territories. The belief system adulated independence and free market esteems, however the real offices of entrance were collectivized arranging associations. U.S. businesspeople and lawmakers looked first to Central America for business sectors since that locale had for quite some time been relied upon to turn into a closer financial accomplice. Yet, U.S. authorities directed little investigation of the Central American monetary circumstance and went into no deliberate meeting with Central American pioneers in light of the fact that the U.S. vision communicated in the tenets of Manifest Destiny and the Open Door was confined to settling U.S. residential issues, not meeting Central American needs. The Americanism started during the 1880s, which was relied upon to make the economic situations important to guarantee U.S. business extension, additionally uncovered key contrasts between the U.S. what's more, Central American dreams. While the United States proposed for the most part business programs, the Central American delegates frequently attempted to incorporate political, social, and social undertakings. Among the choices accessible, it appears that the neoliberal model has started to win. This model, which is notable and very much bolstered from outside, considerably adjusts the structure of Central American nations. Its trademark is the nonattendance of thoughtfulness regarding social perspectives. On account of Central America, it wipes out what minimal financial balance had existed previously, delivering a developing centralization of riches in the hands of the couple of, and a dynamic pauperization of the remainder of the populace. Thusly, it will disintegrate majority rules system all through the area. Neoliberalism squeezes as of now exceptionally exchange subordinate Middle America to trade more (Gwynne and Kay 104). The advancement or modernization sought after by the Latin American governments required expanding wholes of cash to import the hardware, railways, extravagances, and innovation that would be utilized to attempt to change their countries into copies of the European countries the elites and white collar class so much appreciated. To win that cash, the Latin Americans expanded their fares, the nourishments or minerals they generally had sold abroad. The fare segment of their economies got the most consideration. In that segment, they progressively thought speculations, innovation, and work, leaving the household economy powerless and progressively lacking. The quantity of those fares was constrained. The exceptionally prized railways, worked at amazing cost, opened new grounds for abuse yet consistently were connected to the fare part, hurrying the material results of the inside to the beach front ports where boats stood by to ship them to Europe and the United States. The vast majority of the modernization moved in the fare area. It added to some amazing development however did little to create Central America. Indeed, modernization added to developing reliance. Focal America and the Caribbean is an area of little, financially powerless and exchange subordinate nations encompassed by bigger and increasingly industrialized nations that are moving all the more forcefully towards monetary combination (Gwynne and Kay 99). From one point of view, worldwide changes make difficulties and open doors for policymakers who can adjust to changing situations and wisely recalculate fundamental inquiries of endurance, suitability, and viability. There is motivation to accept that this procedure is in progress in Cuba, however the idea of these estimations and their drawn out results are obscure. For instance, Cuba should cautiously compute its inclinations in a setting of quickly changing adjusts and one in which its cash †disobedience, moralism, hostile to government †has lost quite a bit of its worth. Fundamental reasons established in an order model and a progression of botches and poor choices by government generally clarify Cuba's monetary issue. It is progressively perceived in Cuba itself that its subst

5 Online Tools for Boosting Productivity - Focus

5 Online Tools for Boosting Productivity - Focus We all know that arriving back at your desk to a long list of to-dos can be a daunting task. Luckily there are a number of apps which can help. Here are our top 5 tools to help break up large tasks into manageable to-dos, allowing you to keep track of time and remain happy and healthy, throughout your working week: 1. KEEP TRACK OF YOUR TIME WITH TOGGL When you’re not feeling focused, getting down to a demanding task can feel impossible. In order to ensure you’re not spending disproportionate amounts of time on less important tasks, it’s useful to keep track of the time you spend on each. Tools like Toggl can help you to keep tabs on this, allowing you to categorize projects and then turn on a stop-watch when you begin work on each area. Time-tracking boosts your productivity by giving you a push when you’re procrastinating, or spending too much time on a simple task. When youre tracking for content writing for example, then start swerving towards a completely different task, time-tracking offers you that little ping of guilt to  get you back on track. It will also provide a good understanding of how long each task will take, making your schedule realistic and efficient. 2. SCHEDULE EVERYTHING WITH MEISTERTASK Once you have a better understanding of the kinds of tasks which require time and which can be ticked-off quickly, you can begin to schedule your to-dos. You’ll avoid counter-productive stress by packing-out your timetable too tight, and will be able to organize your work depending on how you work best. This could be by getting the small tasks done first thing, or by cracking on with the largest task at hand. With task management tool,  MeisterTask,  you can use the calendar and due date features to schedule all of your meetings, dates and deadlines in one place. This will make it easier for you and your team to keep track of what needs to be done by when and by who, preventing the usual tangle of online calendars and personal diaries. Designed to be used either individually or preferably within a team, the tool allows designated members to view both their personal and shared tasks, leave comments and attach files, improving cooperation and communication within the team. 3. COLLABORATE WITH GOOGLE DOCS Collaboration has been found to increase creativity, so to boost your productivity look for online tools which enable teamwork with your colleagues, and those located remotely. Tools like Google Docs allow for real-time updates on shared documents as you work, improving communication and reducing time spent following endless email threads and offline versions of documents. Documents are automatically saved as you work, meaning that as long as you have an internet connection, you won’t lose that last hour’s hard work. 4. STAY FIT WITH RUNTASTIC It’s hugely important that you set aside time to relax, exercise and completely switch-off from work. The opportunity to exercise at work has been found to increase productivity, concentration and problem-solving abilities. Exercise has also been found to decrease feelings of anxiety or nerves. As a result, scheduling in time to exercise, or to just take a 30 minute lunchtime walk, can help to increase your output. Try using the Runtastic app to track your runs, remain motivated and stay fit. The exercise will not only boost your productivity that day but will benefit your emotional and physical wellbeing longer term. 5. REMAIN FOCUSED WITH HEADSPACE Studies have found that meditation can actually result in physical changes to the brain, leading to growth within the parts associated with learning, and shrinking in those associated with stress. Mindfulness was similarly found to improve focus, sleep and the ability to listen and feel present â€" all of which are essential for a productive day’s work. A recent randomized controlled trial found that using the Headspace mindfulness app for a short period of time every day for 10 days resulted in an improved mood and fewer symptoms of depression. Headspace offers a free course in 10-minute meditation exercises for beginners and if you find, as the statistics suggest, that it boosts your positivity and ability to focus, you can sign up for a paid account from there. ACCESS REMOTELY For those of us often on the move, our smartphones and tablets have provided a great way to make the most of a spare 30 minutes in transit. Fortunately, all of the above online tools are available as apps for iOS and Android, enabling you to fully utilize those spare minutes. If you have a hectic week ahead, having a structured and organized start on a Monday morning can make all the difference to your productivity levels. So if you’re feeling under pressure, try using these apps for 10 minutes on a Sunday from home, blocking out in a calendar how you plan to spend your week in order to meet your commitments, ensuring you have time reserved for your physical and emotional wellbeing. This will help you to start your week with a clear mind, reassured that you’ll be able to get things done, while remaining positive, healthy and focused. So those are five of our favorite tools for boosting productivity. Let us know yours in the comments below! Discover your productive workflow Get started with MeisterTask Its free! Get started with MeisterTask 5 Online Tools for Boosting Productivity - Focus We all know that arriving back at your desk to a long list of to-dos can be a daunting task. Luckily there are a number of apps which can help. Here are our top 5 tools to help break up large tasks into manageable to-dos, allowing you to keep track of time and remain happy and healthy, throughout your working week: 1. KEEP TRACK OF YOUR TIME WITH TOGGL When you’re not feeling focused, getting down to a demanding task can feel impossible. In order to ensure you’re not spending disproportionate amounts of time on less important tasks, it’s useful to keep track of the time you spend on each. Tools like Toggl can help you to keep tabs on this, allowing you to categorize projects and then turn on a stop-watch when you begin work on each area. Time-tracking boosts your productivity by giving you a push when you’re procrastinating, or spending too much time on a simple task. When youre tracking for content writing for example, then start swerving towards a completely different task, time-tracking offers you that little ping of guilt to  get you back on track. It will also provide a good understanding of how long each task will take, making your schedule realistic and efficient. 2. SCHEDULE EVERYTHING WITH MEISTERTASK Once you have a better understanding of the kinds of tasks which require time and which can be ticked-off quickly, you can begin to schedule your to-dos. You’ll avoid counter-productive stress by packing-out your timetable too tight, and will be able to organize your work depending on how you work best. This could be by getting the small tasks done first thing, or by cracking on with the largest task at hand. With task management tool,  MeisterTask,  you can use the calendar and due date features to schedule all of your meetings, dates and deadlines in one place. This will make it easier for you and your team to keep track of what needs to be done by when and by who, preventing the usual tangle of online calendars and personal diaries. Designed to be used either individually or preferably within a team, the tool allows designated members to view both their personal and shared tasks, leave comments and attach files, improving cooperation and communication within the team. 3. COLLABORATE WITH GOOGLE DOCS Collaboration has been found to increase creativity, so to boost your productivity look for online tools which enable teamwork with your colleagues, and those located remotely. Tools like Google Docs allow for real-time updates on shared documents as you work, improving communication and reducing time spent following endless email threads and offline versions of documents. Documents are automatically saved as you work, meaning that as long as you have an internet connection, you won’t lose that last hour’s hard work. 4. STAY FIT WITH RUNTASTIC It’s hugely important that you set aside time to relax, exercise and completely switch-off from work. The opportunity to exercise at work has been found to increase productivity, concentration and problem-solving abilities. Exercise has also been found to decrease feelings of anxiety or nerves. As a result, scheduling in time to exercise, or to just take a 30 minute lunchtime walk, can help to increase your output. Try using the Runtastic app to track your runs, remain motivated and stay fit. The exercise will not only boost your productivity that day but will benefit your emotional and physical wellbeing longer term. 5. REMAIN FOCUSED WITH HEADSPACE Studies have found that meditation can actually result in physical changes to the brain, leading to growth within the parts associated with learning, and shrinking in those associated with stress. Mindfulness was similarly found to improve focus, sleep and the ability to listen and feel present â€" all of which are essential for a productive day’s work. A recent randomized controlled trial found that using the Headspace mindfulness app for a short period of time every day for 10 days resulted in an improved mood and fewer symptoms of depression. Headspace offers a free course in 10-minute meditation exercises for beginners and if you find, as the statistics suggest, that it boosts your positivity and ability to focus, you can sign up for a paid account from there. ACCESS REMOTELY For those of us often on the move, our smartphones and tablets have provided a great way to make the most of a spare 30 minutes in transit. Fortunately, all of the above online tools are available as apps for iOS and Android, enabling you to fully utilize those spare minutes. If you have a hectic week ahead, having a structured and organized start on a Monday morning can make all the difference to your productivity levels. So if you’re feeling under pressure, try using these apps for 10 minutes on a Sunday from home, blocking out in a calendar how you plan to spend your week in order to meet your commitments, ensuring you have time reserved for your physical and emotional wellbeing. This will help you to start your week with a clear mind, reassured that you’ll be able to get things done, while remaining positive, healthy and focused. So those are five of our favorite tools for boosting productivity. Let us know yours in the comments below! Discover your productive workflow Get started with MeisterTask Its free! Get started with MeisterTask

My Experience At The Classroom - 1702 Words

One of the best things you can do before entering the teaching business is to have experience. Throughout this course I had the chance to work in an actual classroom setting, create my own lessons and teach them to the students in the kindergarten classroom. It was an amazing experience and helped me become more comfortable working with early childhood students. Each lesson was recorded and showed my strengths and weaknesses in being in front of a classroom. The three of my strengths and what went well in my microteachings are; creativity, student engagement, and preparation. The three components that I could work on are; redirecting the students, lesson management and time management. Working in a classroom setting was the best†¦show more content†¦With that in mind I must be aware of creating an open and welcoming classroom and teaching the different perspectives and ideals of many different cultures. On page 98 and 99 of the text there are several questions teachers shoul d ask themselves when teaching diversity. Creating an anti-bias classroom not only involves teaching your students about diversity and different cultures, but making sure you accept and include all students. â€Å"All children should feel included and valued as worthy members of the class and of society,† Eliason, C. et al. Including all children relates to the next component I learned from this course; developmentally appropriate practice. As a teacher, you have to make sure you are teaching concepts and involving students in activities that are appropriate for their developmental level. This means that it is appropriate for the physical capabilities, emotional capabilities, social capabilities and cognitive capabilities. Students reach different developmental levels at different rates, so you cannot solely rely on a student’s age to determine their developmental level. Teachers must â€Å"understand the nature of development and learning as well as the individual na ture and characteristics of each child,† (Eliason, C., Jenkins, L. 2016 p. 9.) During my work in the kindergarten classroom, I wanted to make sure my lessons were appropriate for the students in thatShow MoreRelatedMy Reflection On My Experience In A Classroom1282 Words   |  6 Pages Over the past month in my classroom, I feel as if I have learned and observed an almost overwhelming amount of interactions, situations, etc. It seems that it should not have been possible to learn so much in such a short amount of time. However, I firmly believe that these observations have allowed me to add to my experiences and knowledge regarding my future in this career field. Coming into this internship program, my main goal was to learn how to teach lessons. 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Keywords: Experience, culture, ethnicity, diversity Ethnic andRead MoreInterning At The Tmc Head Start My Internship Experience1188 Words   |  5 PagesHead Start My internship experience Pre-Kindergarten students it provided me with a cumulative opportunity to integrate all I had learned at University of Houston-Victoria and apply it in a practical setting. Since most of my coursework revolved around the social, emotional, and moral development of children, my paper focuses on the importance of classroom community in schools. Through journaling, observing, and working directly with Pre-Kindergarten students, I discovered how classroom community

Health Related Fitness And Wellness - 2367 Words

It is my passion to teach, motivate and inspire my students to be physically active and enjoy a healthy life. Health related fitness and lifetime wellness provide the foundation of my elementary physical education (PE) program. Health related fitness and wellness themes are integrated into my daily lessons. I strive to help my students understand and value the importance of physical activity and the impact it has on their personal lives. Anne Flannery, President and CEO of PE4life, states, â€Å"Quality, daily physical education prepares children to take personal responsibility for their own health and wellness and can have a tremendous impact on their overall quality of life.† (Lawler, 2007, p. 113). It is my desire to encourage my†¦show more content†¦I seek to combine today’s best practices and align them with the national physical education standards to inspire and educate my students about the importance of physical activity and lifetime fitness. Whi le the National Standards provide the framework for learning, I must choose which methods and strategies are best utilized to meet the needs of my students. Once these needs are determined, I must choose which instructional tools will best facilitate student learning. One of those teaching tools is technology. Technology is a vital part of teaching and learning in the 21st century. The technology revolution has affected all disciplines and subject areas including physical education. (SHAPE America, 2013). As stated in the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards for Physical Education, â€Å"Accomplished teachers stay in touch with current technology and its applications in the field of physical education. Technology helps accomplished physical educators motivate their students by providing them with exciting learning experiences. Physical education teachers anticipate technological advances that may affect the learning environment. As part of their dedication to p rofessional growth, they incorporate the most appropriate technological resources available to enrich their teaching practice and reinforce student

Urban Renewal Free Essays

What is Urban renewal? Discuss the issues and strategies of urban renewal of a state capital. Urban renewal is a program of land re-development in areas of moderate to high density urban land use. It can be envisaged as the physical and infrastructural changes in land use, built environment or intensity of the use of land or building that could be considered as inevitable outcome of the action from economic, social, political, technical and environmental forces acting upon urban areas at different times of its existence. We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Renewal or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a program designed to help communities improve and revitalize areas that have deteriorated, are unsafe and/ or show signs of economic or physical conditions that are detrimental to the community as a whole. Urban renewal could be in the form of: -Physical change: Part of land is developed as a multistory building. -Infrastructural change: widening of roads, introduction of metro-rail, etc. -Change in land use: function of building changes, keeping the structure same eg residential to commercial -Change in built form: increase in no. of storeys. Change in environment: congestion on road cleared, trees planted , garbage removed, etc. In the second half of the 20th century, renewal often resulted in the creation of urban sprawl and vast areas of cities being demolished and replaced by freeways and expressways, housing projects, and vacant lots, some of which still remain vacant at the beginning of the 21st century. Urban renewal’s effect on actual revitalization is a subjec t of intense debate. It is seen by proponents as an economic engine, and by opponents as a regressive mechanism for enriching the wealthy at the expense of taxpayers and the poor. It carries a high cost to existing communities, and in many cases resulted in the destruction of vibrant—if run-down —neighborhoods. Urban renewal in its original form has been called a failure by many urban planners and civic leaders, and has since been reformulated with a focus on redevelopment of existing communities. Over time, urban renewal evolved into a policy based less on destruction and more on renovation and investment, and today is an integral part of many local governments, often combined with small and big business incentives. But even in this adapted form, Urban Renewal projects are still widely accused of abuse and corruption. Behind the idea of urban renewal was a belief that if the government removed people from such places and put them in better places, it would improve not only their lives and their self-image, but also their behavior. This idealistic philosophy became common in America by the end of World War I. IMPORTANCE OF URBAN RENEWAL Urban renewal is critical to the success of local communities and the long-term prosperity of citizens living in urban areas. Without urban renewal, there would be no incentive for developers to tackle the challenges associated with redevelopment, and deteriorating downtown areas would be subject to increased crime and safety problems, while continued growth on the fringes of communities would add to the problem of urban sprawl. NEED FOR URBAN RENEWAL – Rise in land value – Expansion of service centers – Change in transportation mode – Latest realization of global energy scenario. BENEFITS OF URBAN RENEWAL Providing matching funds for money from other sources (such as state or federal grants) Funding infrastructure, which brings additional funds to the community through permit fees, system development charges (SDCs), water and sewer hook? up charges, etc. Increasing the value of property next to the urban renewal district. Improving the quality of life through new or renovated parks, roadways, civic and cultural facilities, and expanded economic development OBJECTIVES OF URBAN RENEWAL – To eliminate sub optimal uses To create conditions for efficient and economic use of scarce and costly urban infrastructure. – To improve the efficiency of urban system – To reduce social cost of urban development and arrange for cross financing Urban renewal also took hold in medium sized cities, many of which used urban renewal laws to pay for public housing, new bridges, and new thoroughfares. There was a time when the phrase â€Å"urban renewal† was a popular one. But tod ay it often carries a negative connotation, regardless of the truth, however, urban renewal did a lot to change cities. Chicago’s now demolished Cabrini-Green housing project, one of many urban renewal efforts. Issue: -Cities unfortunately with some exceptions, have not been enabled to look inward and build on their inherent capacities, both financial and technical, and instead are still being seen in many states as ‘wards’ of the State governments. -A major failure of city governance has been our inability to address the needs of the poor – basic services like drinking water supply, sanitation, housing and social services are not available to an increasing share of urban population. The latent creativity and vitality of our cities and the people who live in them must be tapped to facilitate higher economic growth. -Substantially upgrade the delivery of basic and other urban services which are in bad state. -Understand the cost and impact of providing poor basic services in the urban areas, so that efficient services can be planned. -Plan for generating gainful employment op portunities and environmental safeguarding adopting community centered approach. Provide opportunities and funds for capacity building, skill development, vocational training, and flow of micro- credit. -The Development Commission (PDC) uses urban renewal as a tool to help specific areas of the city realize capital projects – parks, streetscape improvements, community centers, and the like that would not happen on their own. A house in Nashville before urban renewal URBAN RENEWAL SCHEMES Components of Urban Renewal: – Urban redevelopment – Urban Rehabilitation – Conservation: – Preservation – Rebuilding – Reuse – Replication Urban renewal funds can be used for . . . Infrastructure (including such basic improvements as curbs and sidewalks, streets, sewers, flood control, and utility relocation and improvement) Public improvements (such as parks and open space, pedestrian and bike trails, landscaping and streetscaping, parking lots and parking structures, transportation improvements, helping to construct public buildings and facilities) In certain cases, redevelopment assistance for housing or commercial uses (such as land acquisition and site preparation or other public improvements) Planning and engineering (such as design, traffic and engineering studies); technical assistance to property owners and developers, and staff support from the renewal agency SITE SELECTION – Should be around or within prime location – Should intervene problem areas – Land should be easily available – Utility plan showing linkages with offsite infrastructure – Landscape proposals SEQUENCE OF PROJECT FORMULATION – Preparation o f survey maps. Types of survey maps are: -Tourism map – 1:100000 – City map – 1:50000 – Police station map : 1:63366 ( 1† to a mile) Revenue survey map : 1:600 (plot size and built up spaces) – Identification of project area and influence area – Conduct field survey to collect socio economic data – Land maps, land holding pattern, building height , building edge etc. – Traffic information – Utility services – Financial status – Scheme/ concept preparation – Land use distribution – Future built form – Circulation plan EXECUTION OF THE SCHEME – Land acquisition – Payment of compensation – Construction of rehabilitation structures – Clearance of site and site development – Removal of under-gound utilities and relaying of utilities – Development of roads and other open areas When the site is ready for construction , it is either leased out to promoters or Development authorities themselves start the construction. The urban renewal of a state capital involves: Working: The basic idea behind urban renewal is simple: future tax revenues pay for revitalization efforts. The City Council, acting on the recommendations of a community based steering committee and PDC, draws a line around an area (the urban renewal boundary) and identifies desirable improvements within that area (the urban renewal plan). The city issues urban renewal bonds to pay for the identified improvements. As property values increase in the area due to new investment, the rise in property tax revenues (called â€Å"tax increment†) is used to pay off the urban renewal bonds. This financing method is called tax-increment financing, and it is the most common method of paying for improvements in an urban renewal area. Kind of projects : Urban renewal funds can be used for a variety of capital investments, such as: Redevelopment projects, such as projects near light rail that combine retail and residential components. Economic development strategies, such as small-business loans or loan programs tied to family-wage jobs. Housing loans and other financial tools for ownership and rental housing which serve a variety of income levels. Streetscape improvements, including new lighting, trees, sidewalks, pedestrian amenities, etc. Transportation enhancements, including light rail, streetcar, intersection improvements, etc. Parks and open spaces. Roots of urban renewal : Urban renewal emerged in the late 1940s as an attempt to revitalize central cities, which were losing population and resources to new post-war suburbs. Until the 1960s, urban renewal was a federal program used to clear large areas of land largely to provide what was then considered to be improved housing conditions for thousands of people. It also funded large projects such as hospitals, highways and civic centers. The funding mechanisms and purposes of urban renewal changed in its early decades, but the term broadly referred to a set of programs and policies meant to counter inner-city disinvestment and reinvigorate declining downtown areas. Criteria : Urban renewal areas must show evidence of some degree of blight, demonstrated by conditions such as poorly constructed buildings, faulty planning, lack of open spaces, deteriorated properties, an incompatible mix of uses and improper utilization of land. -Urban renewal areas, their principles and the specific projects funded by them are conceived in consultation with citizen committees who represent a broad spectrum of community interests. In addition, three public bodies must approve any new urban renewal area: the Portland Development Commission, the Portland Planning Commission, and City Council. -In urban renewal areas, public investment is used to stimulate private investment on a much larger scale. The amount of urban renewal funds invested in any one area is small compared to the private investment that follows. -Urban renewal is primarily used to update and improve an area’s infrastructure — through capital expenditures on transportation improvements and parks for example — and to provide incentives for desired development such as affordable housing, family-wage jobs and building refurbishment. -Urban renewal is designed to benefit all people within the urban renewal area, in surrounding neighborhoods and throughout the city and metropolitan area. -The urban renewal plan, which guides all public spending in the area, is conceived by citizens who are best able to make decisions about how to improve their neighborhood. Urban renewal can be a strong and effective tool to protect long-term affordability in revitalizing neighborhoods by financing the construction of affordable housing. -Urban renewal works to revitalize communities within the existing built en vironment. -Promote livelihood opportunities through skill building and enhancement of entrepreneurship. Enable public private partnership arrangement covering infrastructure development and service delivery. -The realization of the overall programme goal of improving the quality of life for all is possible only through the framework of long term development plan, replacing the narrow project based approach. How to cite Urban Renewal, Essay examples

Urban Renewal Free Essays

What is Urban renewal? Discuss the issues and strategies of urban renewal of a state capital. Urban renewal is a program of land re-development in areas of moderate to high density urban land use. It can be envisaged as the physical and infrastructural changes in land use, built environment or intensity of the use of land or building that could be considered as inevitable outcome of the action from economic, social, political, technical and environmental forces acting upon urban areas at different times of its existence. We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Renewal or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a program designed to help communities improve and revitalize areas that have deteriorated, are unsafe and/ or show signs of economic or physical conditions that are detrimental to the community as a whole. Urban renewal could be in the form of: -Physical change: Part of land is developed as a multistory building. -Infrastructural change: widening of roads, introduction of metro-rail, etc. -Change in land use: function of building changes, keeping the structure same eg residential to commercial -Change in built form: increase in no. of storeys. Change in environment: congestion on road cleared, trees planted , garbage removed, etc. In the second half of the 20th century, renewal often resulted in the creation of urban sprawl and vast areas of cities being demolished and replaced by freeways and expressways, housing projects, and vacant lots, some of which still remain vacant at the beginning of the 21st century. Urban renewal’s effect on actual revitalization is a subjec t of intense debate. It is seen by proponents as an economic engine, and by opponents as a regressive mechanism for enriching the wealthy at the expense of taxpayers and the poor. It carries a high cost to existing communities, and in many cases resulted in the destruction of vibrant—if run-down —neighborhoods. Urban renewal in its original form has been called a failure by many urban planners and civic leaders, and has since been reformulated with a focus on redevelopment of existing communities. Over time, urban renewal evolved into a policy based less on destruction and more on renovation and investment, and today is an integral part of many local governments, often combined with small and big business incentives. But even in this adapted form, Urban Renewal projects are still widely accused of abuse and corruption. Behind the idea of urban renewal was a belief that if the government removed people from such places and put them in better places, it would improve not only their lives and their self-image, but also their behavior. This idealistic philosophy became common in America by the end of World War I. IMPORTANCE OF URBAN RENEWAL Urban renewal is critical to the success of local communities and the long-term prosperity of citizens living in urban areas. Without urban renewal, there would be no incentive for developers to tackle the challenges associated with redevelopment, and deteriorating downtown areas would be subject to increased crime and safety problems, while continued growth on the fringes of communities would add to the problem of urban sprawl. NEED FOR URBAN RENEWAL – Rise in land value – Expansion of service centers – Change in transportation mode – Latest realization of global energy scenario. BENEFITS OF URBAN RENEWAL Providing matching funds for money from other sources (such as state or federal grants) Funding infrastructure, which brings additional funds to the community through permit fees, system development charges (SDCs), water and sewer hook? up charges, etc. Increasing the value of property next to the urban renewal district. Improving the quality of life through new or renovated parks, roadways, civic and cultural facilities, and expanded economic development OBJECTIVES OF URBAN RENEWAL – To eliminate sub optimal uses To create conditions for efficient and economic use of scarce and costly urban infrastructure. – To improve the efficiency of urban system – To reduce social cost of urban development and arrange for cross financing Urban renewal also took hold in medium sized cities, many of which used urban renewal laws to pay for public housing, new bridges, and new thoroughfares. There was a time when the phrase â€Å"urban renewal† was a popular one. But tod ay it often carries a negative connotation, regardless of the truth, however, urban renewal did a lot to change cities. Chicago’s now demolished Cabrini-Green housing project, one of many urban renewal efforts. Issue: -Cities unfortunately with some exceptions, have not been enabled to look inward and build on their inherent capacities, both financial and technical, and instead are still being seen in many states as ‘wards’ of the State governments. -A major failure of city governance has been our inability to address the needs of the poor – basic services like drinking water supply, sanitation, housing and social services are not available to an increasing share of urban population. The latent creativity and vitality of our cities and the people who live in them must be tapped to facilitate higher economic growth. -Substantially upgrade the delivery of basic and other urban services which are in bad state. -Understand the cost and impact of providing poor basic services in the urban areas, so that efficient services can be planned. -Plan for generating gainful employment op portunities and environmental safeguarding adopting community centered approach. Provide opportunities and funds for capacity building, skill development, vocational training, and flow of micro- credit. -The Development Commission (PDC) uses urban renewal as a tool to help specific areas of the city realize capital projects – parks, streetscape improvements, community centers, and the like that would not happen on their own. A house in Nashville before urban renewal URBAN RENEWAL SCHEMES Components of Urban Renewal: – Urban redevelopment – Urban Rehabilitation – Conservation: – Preservation – Rebuilding – Reuse – Replication Urban renewal funds can be used for . . . Infrastructure (including such basic improvements as curbs and sidewalks, streets, sewers, flood control, and utility relocation and improvement) Public improvements (such as parks and open space, pedestrian and bike trails, landscaping and streetscaping, parking lots and parking structures, transportation improvements, helping to construct public buildings and facilities) In certain cases, redevelopment assistance for housing or commercial uses (such as land acquisition and site preparation or other public improvements) Planning and engineering (such as design, traffic and engineering studies); technical assistance to property owners and developers, and staff support from the renewal agency SITE SELECTION – Should be around or within prime location – Should intervene problem areas – Land should be easily available – Utility plan showing linkages with offsite infrastructure – Landscape proposals SEQUENCE OF PROJECT FORMULATION – Preparation o f survey maps. Types of survey maps are: -Tourism map – 1:100000 – City map – 1:50000 – Police station map : 1:63366 ( 1† to a mile) Revenue survey map : 1:600 (plot size and built up spaces) – Identification of project area and influence area – Conduct field survey to collect socio economic data – Land maps, land holding pattern, building height , building edge etc. – Traffic information – Utility services – Financial status – Scheme/ concept preparation – Land use distribution – Future built form – Circulation plan EXECUTION OF THE SCHEME – Land acquisition – Payment of compensation – Construction of rehabilitation structures – Clearance of site and site development – Removal of under-gound utilities and relaying of utilities – Development of roads and other open areas When the site is ready for construction , it is either leased out to promoters or Development authorities themselves start the construction. The urban renewal of a state capital involves: Working: The basic idea behind urban renewal is simple: future tax revenues pay for revitalization efforts. The City Council, acting on the recommendations of a community based steering committee and PDC, draws a line around an area (the urban renewal boundary) and identifies desirable improvements within that area (the urban renewal plan). The city issues urban renewal bonds to pay for the identified improvements. As property values increase in the area due to new investment, the rise in property tax revenues (called â€Å"tax increment†) is used to pay off the urban renewal bonds. This financing method is called tax-increment financing, and it is the most common method of paying for improvements in an urban renewal area. Kind of projects : Urban renewal funds can be used for a variety of capital investments, such as: Redevelopment projects, such as projects near light rail that combine retail and residential components. Economic development strategies, such as small-business loans or loan programs tied to family-wage jobs. Housing loans and other financial tools for ownership and rental housing which serve a variety of income levels. Streetscape improvements, including new lighting, trees, sidewalks, pedestrian amenities, etc. Transportation enhancements, including light rail, streetcar, intersection improvements, etc. Parks and open spaces. Roots of urban renewal : Urban renewal emerged in the late 1940s as an attempt to revitalize central cities, which were losing population and resources to new post-war suburbs. Until the 1960s, urban renewal was a federal program used to clear large areas of land largely to provide what was then considered to be improved housing conditions for thousands of people. It also funded large projects such as hospitals, highways and civic centers. The funding mechanisms and purposes of urban renewal changed in its early decades, but the term broadly referred to a set of programs and policies meant to counter inner-city disinvestment and reinvigorate declining downtown areas. Criteria : Urban renewal areas must show evidence of some degree of blight, demonstrated by conditions such as poorly constructed buildings, faulty planning, lack of open spaces, deteriorated properties, an incompatible mix of uses and improper utilization of land. -Urban renewal areas, their principles and the specific projects funded by them are conceived in consultation with citizen committees who represent a broad spectrum of community interests. In addition, three public bodies must approve any new urban renewal area: the Portland Development Commission, the Portland Planning Commission, and City Council. -In urban renewal areas, public investment is used to stimulate private investment on a much larger scale. The amount of urban renewal funds invested in any one area is small compared to the private investment that follows. -Urban renewal is primarily used to update and improve an area’s infrastructure — through capital expenditures on transportation improvements and parks for example — and to provide incentives for desired development such as affordable housing, family-wage jobs and building refurbishment. -Urban renewal is designed to benefit all people within the urban renewal area, in surrounding neighborhoods and throughout the city and metropolitan area. -The urban renewal plan, which guides all public spending in the area, is conceived by citizens who are best able to make decisions about how to improve their neighborhood. Urban renewal can be a strong and effective tool to protect long-term affordability in revitalizing neighborhoods by financing the construction of affordable housing. -Urban renewal works to revitalize communities within the existing built en vironment. -Promote livelihood opportunities through skill building and enhancement of entrepreneurship. Enable public private partnership arrangement covering infrastructure development and service delivery. -The realization of the overall programme goal of improving the quality of life for all is possible only through the framework of long term development plan, replacing the narrow project based approach. How to cite Urban Renewal, Essay examples

Project Communication Human Resource Champions

Question: Discuss about the Project Communication for Human Resource Champions. Answer: Introduction: There is a valuable need to have an agenda in every project meeting. Meetings which are done without any proper agenda often lead to chaos and disheveled feathers. An agenda is the best way to communicate to attendees through which the orderly processes involved in the meeting are being conveyed (ACTION, (2013). An agenda is something that makes sure that the meeting does not go out of track and that the customary operations along with special projects are being preceded as per the objective. An agenda helps in preparing for the meeting and scheduling the issues that needs to be discussed. It is sent out in advance in order to give attendees enough time to make available any required updates or suggest any specific issue that needs to be included. Reviewing of the agenda prior to a meeting offers sufficient length of time to attendees to put together documents and relevant reports in accordance to the meetings requirement (Ulrich, 2013). The sole purpose of having an agenda and sending it out in advance is to give attendees the required time to prepare themselves for the meeting (Srikanth et al., 2012). The person in charge of such a meeting can exercise his power and control over the discussion flow and the issues covered. Productivity of the meetings gets enhanced through agendas. It is for the better understanding of the attendees that agendas are prepared through which they know that all the areas listed on the agenda are likely to be discussed and would move at a pace that makes certain all the specified areas are enclosed (Haug, 2013). Agendas clearly state the action items and the responsible people for the same. Agendas play a vital role in zeroing in on areas that requires a decision to be made along with clearing the way for progress. Other components apart from the agenda that is necessary for successful project meetings: Agenda is important, but there are certain other things that need to be considered for successful project meetings. Notice: When a meeting is to be arranged, a notice is send to all the members who are required to attend it. A notice should be circularized under proper authority and it should consist of date, time and place (Hotel, 2013). The purpose of such a meeting should also be included in the notice. Minutes of Meeting: The minutes of the meeting are the recorded discussions which are taken into consideration. It works as an important and useful document to refer back to focus on what actions was taken and when it took place (Morris et al., 2013). The document states the people who were present in the meeting and the actions taken on certain matters and the people responsible for the same. Quorum of Meeting: A quorum can be defined as the minimum number of voting members who needs to be present in a meeting for conducting business in the groups name. A meeting cannot start until and unless there is least number of voting members. Chairperson of meeting: The chairperson for a meeting is a person who is being appointed to look over the proceedings of a meeting, ensuring the attendees are in line with the principle of the meeting. People responsible for creating, maintaining and updating the documentation around project meetings: Business Analyst is the one responsible for developing, maintaining and updating the required documentation around the project meetings. They are the people who are responsible for preparing reports and presenting the higher management with exact analysis. An administrative professional is often being presented with the job of taking the minutes at meetings. His role is to keep details of all the discussions and an action plan of what is to be done and by whom and how it is to be measured. In meetings when a group produces a list of ideas, it is his job to record the same for future reference. Reference: Action, A. I. (2013). Meeting Agenda.circulation,12, 19. Haug, C. (2013). Organizing spaces: Meeting arenas as a social movement infrastructure between organization, network, and institution.Organization Studies,34(5-6), 705-732. Hotel, D. (2013). notice of meeting. Morris, F., Gilliland, S., Townsend, C., Navamar, R., Present, G., Millikin, M. (2013). minutes of meeting. Srikanth, H., Denner, G., Hammer, M. F. M., Murray, S. R. (2012).U.S. Patent No. 8,214,748. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ulrich, D. (2013).Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press.

Flaws of Contagion Essay Example

Flaws of Contagion Essay In 2011 , the blockbuster, Contagion, was released, featuring several prominent actors. In summary, the movie is the story of a father who loses his wife and son to a completely brand new virus. This new virus, dubbed MOVE-I, originated from a bat in Hong Kong. The bat bit a fruit then dropped it into a pigpen infecting the pig that consumed the fruit with the bats virus. While pig was prepped to be cooked, the chef touched the pigs mouth, getting virus on his hand and shakes the hands of woman, Beth, making her patient zero for MOVE-I . The disease then spread to others who mom In contact with Beth or Beets belongings. After the CDC realized the existence of this virus, they promptly started researching It. After several days of research, clients were able to determine that the virus was 15 to 19 kielbasas In length and containing six to ten genes, typical of a paramours containing genes from bats and pigs, which attach to receptors found on cells In the respiratory and the central nervous system. The virus is seemingly able to be contracted through the respiratory tract, but kills the host by making its way to the brain and causing encephalitis. The vaccine for the virus was developed by first growing the virus in fetal bat cells in culture, propagating and isolating, and finally inoculating rhesus monkeys with attenuated and dead forms of the virus. Out of desperation for working vaccine, after observing one monkey surviving during the vaccination trials, one of the researchers injected herself with the tested vaccine given to the surviving chimp. By doing so, she skipped the entire clinical trials portion of developing vaccines and had the vaccine abstracted to be mass-produced. We will write a custom essay sample on Flaws of Contagion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Flaws of Contagion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Flaws of Contagion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While this movie was more scientifically accurate then most other movies, there are still several aspects of the movie that seem incorrect. One aspect of the movie that stood out to me as incorrect was what the virus was considered to be. According to one of the researchers, the virus was described to have the physical qualities of a ovoviviparous. This statement itself is already inaccurate since a virus genome should not defer so much between the viruses infects a host. Though there may be a wide range of genomic size across the entire ovoviviparous family, the strain of virus hat Infects a host should not differ as much. In addition, while physically the virus may resemble a ovoviviparous, it seems to have the pathological effects of a ovoviviparous, oblivious, and influenza combined. The virus Is highly contagious (a trait of avariciousness), yet kills the host quickly (common for oblivious), has a short Incubation period (traits of Influenza), and seems to cause encephalitis from entering through the respiratory tract (as seen by Influenza associated encephalitis). It Is extremely unlikely for a virus to exalt pathological effects of three different mammals of viruses at the same time. For a virus to have the traits of three different families viruses, they virus can no longer be considered a paramours. In fact this virus seems to relate more to oblivious because of the high lethality and transmissible of the virus. In addition to the unlikely identity of the virus, the origin of virus seems just as spread to a pig and then to humans, which mimic the transmission route of the Hander virus, which is part of the ovoviviparous family. While the route of transmission seems credible, it is who is infected first that isnt. According to the movie, the first person to be infected is the wife, Beth. However, in reality she would not be the first become infected. If contracting the virus is as simple as touching the pigs mouth, the farmer raising the pigs or the butcher the operators of the slaughterhouse that kills the pig should be infected first. The farmers are dealing with the pigs much more closely and the operators at the slaughterhouse are constantly being exposed to blood and other bodily fluids of the pig and so they should have a bigger change of becoming infected first as opposed to Beth. This is similar to the case of Hander virus, where the farmers were the first ones to become infected. However, if the virus has a high mutation rate, designing a possible vaccine for, it is extremely difficult. For example, designing the yearly flu shots can be somewhat of a guessing game. Scientists look at the global strains of influenza and make a prediction as to which strains will be prevalent the coming winter and then create a vaccine for those strains. Sometimes they are able to predict it well, other time they are not. This vaccine must constantly be updated or changed because the virus itself mutates so past vaccinations are no longer effective. Obtaining the perfect vaccination for highly immutable virus, like in the movie, is nearly impossible. In addition, the researcher would have to test the vaccine that she created more times before even thinking about injecting it in a human. The only basis that the researcher had that the vaccine worked was that one monkey survived with that vaccine. Normally, a vaccine needs to be tested on many more monkeys to see if it is truly viable. In addition, clinical trials are necessary to see how the general populace will react to the vaccination. Just because the vaccine works in animals does not mean that it will work the same in humans. Thus more tests are needed to ensure the quality of the vaccine. Lastly, after the Cutter Laboratories Incident, during which the vaccine made for polio actually caused polio itself, more stringent laws would have passed to require researchers to find the possible side effects of the vaccine. It would be terrible to have a repeat of the Cutter Laboratories incident for a lethal virus like MOVE-I.

Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Essays

Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Essays Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Paper Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Paper Communications Environments and Media Questions COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Electronically mediated virtual communication____Two-way instant messaging_______ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 1. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. You are able to send out a meeting location change five minutes before the meeting starts to the other attendee (for small meetings) b. You are able to ask a someone a short question to find out information quickly c. Someone is able to quickly ask you your fax number so that they can send you a fax and you can verify receipt of the fax instantly d. Can coordinate on a homework assignment between classmates in different locations e. Can chat briefly with someone online when background noise in a location is too distracting for a phone call 2. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Having personal conversations in an office environment b. A manager sending confidential salary information to an employee when they are not certain who may be reading the instant message over the employee’s shoulder 3. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Font size, type, and color used in the message b. Whether or not emoticons are used c. The length of the initial message and length of responses d. The way each response is phrased (is the â€Å"enter† key pressed after every few words even if the entire sentence is not completed? ) e. The amount of time it takes each person to respond to each other â€Å"instantly† (one second versus 30 seconds). 4. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? . Internet connection is broken mid-conversation b. Computer crash c. Instant messaging software versions are not compatible between users d. Power outage e. Hard component failures (monitor blackout, keyboard disconnection, mouse malfunction) 5. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. The receiver can reply instantly to the initial IM message b. The receiver can call the sender via telephone if the initial message was a telephone number c. The IM software can notify the sender that the receiver is online, a two-way connection is established, and the receiver is typing a message in reply 6. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? a. Ability to compose short and coherent messages b. Ability to determine the level of information necessary in a brief message c. Ability to determine the information needs of the receiver d. Ability to understand the level of urgency required in order to use IM to send the message e. Ability to type fast with minimal spelling and grammatical errors 7. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. Two-way instant messaging allows for brief real time conversations when a telephone is not an option. This medium is appropriate for sending an urgent message only when the sender can verify that the receiver is online and available to chat (which is usually indicated by the software). If the receiver is not available for online chat at the time the sender wishes to send a message, the sender must choose email or another form of virtual communication that does not require the receiver to be present at the time the message is sent, while at the same time accepting that there will be a delay in the response. COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Paper-mediated virtual communication_________Report________ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 8. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. Sending results analysis to a business customer concerning a recent product rollout b. Presenting a list of research findings to a group of people c. Creating a sharing numerical data in the form of graphs to upper level management d. Presenting on cost benefits of a new product to stakeholders e. Sharing your course learning with classmates r the instructor of a class 9. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Composing a biography for a company website b. Writing an abstract interpretation of a song or piece of literature 10. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Font style and size used b. Length of paragraphs within the document and num ber of pages c. Use of graphs and colors d. Whether or not the report is printed or sent via email attachment e. If the report is printed, whether or not it is bound in a formal report cover 11. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? a. If the report is an email attachment, the file size may be too large for some inboxes b. Paper may jam while printing c. May run out of ink when either printing or copying d. Graphs or diagrams may not be aligned properly if report is viewed from another operating system e. Data may not be complete or available in time for the report deadline 12. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. If the report is handed out in person, face to face verbal acknowledgement may be given b. If the report is send via email attachment, the receiver may send an email reply c. If the report is presenting in front of a group, questions may be asked in response to the report content 13. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? a. Ability to interpret data into graphs b. Ability to determine the level of information needed for the target audience c. Ability to interpret research information so that logical conclusions are reached d. Ability to organize thoughts in a logical order so that receivers can come to the correct conclusions e. Ability to use the applications necessary to compose the report (such as Word, Excel, and Power Point). 14. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. This medium is not appropriate for sending an urgent message because reports are usually created after the sender takes time to gather, analyze, and interpret data. The report reflects as few as several hours to several days and even several months worth of research and the report itself may take some time to put together. COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Electronically mediated Real-Time communication___Radio_______ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 15. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. Morning news report broadcasted during driver commutes b. Daily traffic reports delivered during morning and evening rush hour to drivers c. Advertising for listeners in between music sets d. Severe weather advisories which interrupt normal broadcasting e. School and business closings during inclement weather (such as snow) 16. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Broadcasting a news or television program b. Sending out a personalized message to just one individual (no guarantee they will be listening at the particular moment the message is sent out). 17. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Use of background music with the radio message b. The tone of the speaker (monotone or with conversational inflection) c. Competency or confidence of the person speaking or reading the message d. Speed at which the message is spoken or read e. Length of advertisement or broadcast 18. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? a. Radio signal is weak b. Traffic noises during rush hour c. Listener changes channels in the middle of broadcast d. Radio station DJ cuts message short e. Listener carrying on a conversation with another person during broadcast 19. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. Listeners respond to advertisement by visiting store b. Listeners call into radio station in response to a news report or to provide traffic updates c. Listeners can email radio station in response to news heard on the radio 20. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? a. Ability to speak clearly and annunciate each word b. Fluent in language that the message is written in c. Ability to broadcast messages on one take without making a mistake d. Ability of the writer to compose short and coherent messages e. Ability to determine the level of information needed for the target audience 21. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. This medium is appropriate for sending an urgent message when the message is important enough to interrupt the radio program. The most common situation for urgent radio messages is to warn listeners of severe weather such as tornados and floods. COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Unmediated Real-Time communication_____water-cooler conversation_____ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 22. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. Asking a co-worker about their weekend b. Talking about last night’s news report c. Making plans for lunch later in the day d. Sharing short personal stories that help to empathize and relate to other coworkers e. Networking and offering services for projects within and outside of work 23. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Gossiping about a fellow colleague behind their back b. Discussing confidential customer information 24. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Body language and posture b. Eye contact and visual focus c. Volume and inflection of voice d. Whether or not the greeting is friendly, apathetic, or hostile e. Level of listening – does the listener interrupt the speaker or lack any response? 25. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? a. Someone walks by and interrupts the conversation b. External noises are too loud to hear the speaker clearly c. Listener has a poor opinion of the speaker and is biased against anything the speaker has to say d. Listener is distracted by the speaker’s grooming techniques (messy hair, wrinkled shirt, etc). e. Speaker mumbles or does not annunciate well 26. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. Physical feedback such as head nodding, smiling, laughing, or even frowning b. The listener paraphrases what the speaker has said to make sure the message is understood. c. The listener asks questions to clarify information 27. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? . The ability to know what topics are appropriate for casual conversation (nothing too personal, confidential, or controversial) b. Ability to speak clearly c. Good listening skills such as focusing attention on the speaker and acknowledging understanding of the message d. Ability to determine the volume of speaking the conversation should have (not too loud as to interrupt others around you, but just loud enough to be heard) e. The ability to know when it is appropriate to carry on a casual conversation (preferably not when the listener is very busy, distracted, or not in a good mood). 8. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. This medium is not appropriate for sending an urgent message due to the fact that water-cooler conversations occur when people are free to speak casually about light topics. Urgent messages cannot depend that all intended receivers will be present and available at â€Å"the water cooler† to hear the message. Urgent messages also imply a level of importance and the water-cooler scenario is most appropriate for non-essential communications. COMMUNICATIONS SCENARIOS State which medium or media you consider the best for use in the following communications situations. Assume your intended audience has the capability to receive your message. Explain your choices. 29. You manage three company locations within a large city. There are 100 workers among the three locations. You receive a message from company headquarters informing you that the company plans to layoff 10 percent of its workforce in your city. Your job is to deliver this information to your employees. A mandatory meeting should be scheduled for employees at all three locations. The meeting would be held at one main location with employees at other locations either dialing into the meeting via teleconferencing or videoconferencing. This way the message can be delivered only once with all employees present, and employees are present to either ask questions which will receive immediate answers, or listen to questions asked by other co-workers. 30. Although you work in the U. S. , you are the manager responsible for a small workforce in three offices in three different overseas locations. Each office has two managers and 14 non-management employees. You need to pass confidential information on to the managers at each location- information that it is not appropriate for the other employees to have at this time. The confidential information will either be saved onto a password protected CD-ROM and mailed to each manager, or the information may be placed in an encrypted file and sent via email attachment. The managers will then be provided with the password to unlock or decode the information once they receive it. This way, those who have the password (the managers) are the only individuals who will see the confidential information. 1. You are the marketing manager of a small company that has developed a new and unique consumer product. However, the target market for your product is quite specific (that is, your product is not aimed at all consumers). You need to get word of your product to your target market quickly, and prefer not to waste money delivering your message to people who would not be potential customers. If the small company keeps detailed customer records and the target market is existing customers, then a direct mailing campaign would be most appropriate. However, if the advertising is limited to a certain type of consumer, perhaps advertising can be done in the types of media the target consumer would generally read, listen to, or watch. For example, if the target audience was parents, then an ad in a local parenting magazine or paper would be ideal, with the actual advertisement composed in such a way as to appeal to parents. 32. You have a virtual workforce of 30 employees who all work at home or on the road. You need to update them on wide-ranging changes in product pricing- the pricing update information runs to several pages of fairly small type. Since the information to communicate is several pages in length, and the type is fairly small, the best means of reaching a telecommuting workforce is via a company intranet. The information can be published on an intranet site that only employees can access and obtain information at any time from any place. They would be able to view the pricing update document and use the zoom function to increase the size of the font so that the information is easier to read. They also have the option to print out the information from a location of their choosing.

Marriage in Indian culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marriage in Indian culture - Essay Example 1. First detail of support for A: â€Å"among the educated classes, arrangements are made by parents and/or relatives for couples to photographs exchanged† (countrystudies) for couples to have an idea who they are going to marry. b. Further detail of 1: They can also meet where there are other people or groups around especially relatives â€Å"such as going out for tea with a group of people or meeting in the parlor of the girls home, with her relatives standing by† (countrystudies). 2. Second detail for B: Because of its importance in Hindu faith, preparations are made early and it follows that most girls are married before and almost all girls married before the age of 16 while most boys are married before the age of 22 (Gupta 146). C. Supporting information for third main point: Unlike in Hindu belief that a child is unholy and incomplete until he or she is married, Muslims in India believe that it is a parent’s duty to have their daughters happily married and believed that they are incomplete if were able to do so (Ahmad 53). a. Further detail of 1: This is founded on the belief of the Sunna that the female is viewed as a Par Gaheri, a woman who was born to look after her husband’s household. The burden of obligation here is on the parent (Ahmad 53). c. Further detail of 1: But unlike the Hindu’s where the arranged marriage happens during infancy, it is different among the Muslims where the couples are already grown up where the groom has to become marketable to be acceptable to the bride. II. (Connect to larger context, refer back to introduction, or connect to audience): The practice may not be acceptable in most parts of the world but it has actually held India’s society together for

Ethical dilemma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical dilemma - Assignment Example However, the beliefs of the patients obstructed appropriate nursing procedures to be conducted. Deontology theory forms the best approach to guide in the decision making, in such an ethical dilemma. As a health caregiver must always subscribe to the rule, â€Å"Always try to save life.† Applying a pure rule of deontological approach, the ethical decision would be in favor of carrying out the blood transfusion. In addition, using such an approach, there is little attention to the contextual details or social aspects of the situation because the decision making is grounded in ethical rules (Jones & Beck, 1996). Using a pure deontological approach, whether rule or act, confines the focus for decision making to the immediate situation. This is to imply that the consequences, situational and contextual details, and the social and interactional aspects are not the primary focus. This theory focuses on the ethics of the actions (Butts & Rich, 2008). This theory pays attention to the patient’s rights, goals and autonomy. As described by Noureddine (2001), this approach is based on four key principles that include autonomy, or the personal liberty to act; nonmaleï ¬ cence that is doing no harm; beneficence, or the requirement of action to improve the welfare of others; and justice, which directs action to treat people justly and distribute resources

Health Essays Alcoholism Drinking Health

Health Essays Alcoholism Drinking Health Alcoholism Drinking Health Definition Alcoholism is an illness marked by drinking alcoholic beverages at a level that interferes with physical health, mental health, and social, family, or occupational responsibilities. Alcoholism is divided into 2 categories: dependence and abuse. People with alcohol dependence, the most severe alcohol disorder, usually experience tolerance and withdrawal. Tolerance is a need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or the desired effect. Withdrawal occurs when alcohol is discontinued or intake is decreased. Alcohol dependents spend a great deal of time drinking alcohol, and obtaining it. Alcohol abusers may have legal problems such as drinking and driving. They may also have problems with binge drinking (drinking 6 or more drinks at one sitting). People who are dependent on or abuse alcohol continue to drink it despite evidence of physical or psychological problems. Those with dependence have more severe problems and a greater compulsion to drink. Alternative Names Alcohol dependence; Alcohol abuse Causes, incidence, and risk factors Alcoholism is a type of drug addiction. There is both physical and psychological dependence with this addiction. Physical dependence reveals itself by withdrawal symptoms when alcohol intake is interrupted, tolerance to the effects of alcohol, and evidence of alcohol-associated illnesses. Alcohol affects the central nervous system as a depressant, resulting in a decrease of activity, anxiety, tension, and inhibitions. Even a few drinks can result in behavioral changes, a slowing in motor performance, and a decrease in the ability to think clearly. Concentration and judgment become impaired. In excessive amounts, intoxication may result. Alcohol also affects other body systems. Irritation of the gastrointestinal tract can occur with erosion of the lining of the esophagus and stomach causing nausea and vomiting, and possibly bleeding. Vitamins are not absorbed properly, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies with the long-term use of alcohol. Liver disease, called alcoholic hepatitis, may also develop and can progress to cirrhosis. The heart muscle may be affected. Sexual dysfunction may also occur, causing problems with erections in men and cessation of menstruation in women. Alcohol affects the nervous system and can result in nerve damage and severe memory loss. Chronic alcohol use also increases the risk of cancer of the larynx, esophagus, liver, and colon. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects. The most serious is fetal alcohol syndrome, which may result in mental retardation and behavior problems. A milder form of the condition which can still cause lifelong impairment is called fetal alcohol affects. The social consequences of problem drinking and alcohol dependence can be as serious as the medical problems. People who abuse or are dependent on alcohol have a higher incidence of unemployment, domestic violence, and problems with the law. About half of all traffic deaths are related to alcohol use. The development of dependence on alcohol may occur over a period of years, following a relatively consistent pattern. At first, a tolerance of alcohol develops. This results in a person being able to consume a greater quantity of alcohol before its adverse effects are noticed. Memory lapses (black-outs) relating to drinking episodes may follow tolerance. Then, people may lose control over drinking and find it difficult or impossible to stop if they try. The most severe drinking behavior includes prolonged binges of drinking with associated mental or physical complications. Some people are able to gain control over their dependence in earlier phases before a total lack of control occurs. The problem is, no one knows which heavy drinkers will be able to regain control and which will not. Withdrawal develops because the brain has physically adapted to the presence of alcohol and cannot function adequately in the absence of the drug. Symptoms of withdrawal may include elevated temperature, increased blood pressure, rapid heart rate, restlessness, anxiety, psychosis, seizures, and rarely even death. There is no known common cause of alcoholism. However, several factors may play a role in its development. A person who has an alcoholic parent is more likely to become an alcoholic than a person without alcoholism in the immediate family. Research suggests that certain genes may increase the risk of alcoholism but which genes or how they exert their influence is controversial. Psychological factors may include a need for relief of anxiety, ongoing depression, unresolved conflict within relationships, or low self-esteem. Social factors include availability of alcohol, social acceptance of the use of alcohol, peer pressure, and stressful lifestyles. The incidence of alcohol intake and related problems is increasing. Data from many sources indicate that about 15% of the population in the United States are problem drinkers, and approximately 5% to 10% of male drinkers and 3% to 5% of female drinkers could be diagnosed as alcohol dependent (12.5 million people). Symptoms Men who consume 15 or more drinks a week, women who consume 12 or more drinks a week, or anyone who consumes 5 or more drinks per occasion at least once a week are all at risk for developing alcoholism. (One drink is defined as a 12-ounce bottle of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a 1 1/2-ounce shot of liquor). The following questions are used by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to screen for alcohol abuse or dependence: Have you felt that you should cut down on your drinking? Do you ever drive when you have been drinking? Is someone in your family concerned about your drinking? Have you ever had any blackouts after drinking? Have you ever been absent from work or lost a job because of drinking? Do you have to drink more than before to achieve intoxication or the desired effect? Some of the symptoms associated with alcoholism include: Drinking alone Making excuses to drink Need for daily or frequent use of alcohol for adequate function Lack of control over drinking, with inability to discontinue or reduce alcohol intake Episodes of violence associated with drinking Secretive behavior to hide alcohol related behavior Hostility when confronted about drinking Neglect of food intake Neglect of physical appearance Nausea and vomiting Shaking in the morning Abdominal pain Numbness and tingling Confusion Alcohol withdrawal symptoms vary from mild to severe and may include: Rapid heart rate and sweating Restlessness or agitation Loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting Confusion or hallucinations Tremors and seizures Signs and tests All physicians should ask their patients about their drinking. A history may be obtained from family if the affected person is unwilling or unable to answer questions. A physical examination is performed to identify physical problems related to alcohol use. A toxicology screen or blood alcohol level confirms recent alcohol ingestion, which does not necessarily confirm alcoholism. Liver function tests can be elevated. GGPT (glutaryl transaminase) is often elevated more than other liver function tests. CBC (complete blood count) MCV can be elevated (mean corpuscular volume or size of the red blood cells). Serum magnesium, uric acid, total protein, and folate tests may be abnormal. Treatment Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers Many people with alcohol problems dont recognize when their drinking gets out of hand. In the past, treatment providers believed that alcoholics should be confronted about denial of their drinking problems, but now research has shown that compassionate and empathetic counseling is more effective. Three general steps are involved in treating the alcoholic once the disorder has been diagnosed: intervention, detoxification, and rehabilitation. Research finds that the traditional confrontational intervention where the employer or family members surprise the alcoholic and threaten consequences if treatment is not begun is NOT effective. Studies find that more people enter treatment if their family members or employers are honest with them about their concerns, and try to help them to see that drinking is preventing them from reaching their goals. Once the problem has been recognized, total abstinence from alcohol is required for those who are dependent; for those who are problem drinkers, moderation may be successful. Since many alcoholics initially refuse to believe that their drinking is out of control, a trial of moderation can often be an effective way to deal with the problem. If it succeeds, the problem is solved. If not, the person is usually ready to try abstinence. Because alcoholism affects the people closely related to the alcoholic person, treatment for family members through counseling is often necessary. Detoxification is the first phase of treatment. Withdrawal from alcohol is done in a controlled, supervised setting in which medications relieve symptoms. Detoxification usually takes 4 to 7 days. Examination for other medical problems is necessary. For example, liver and blood clotting problems are common. A balanced diet with vitamin supplements is important. Complications associated with the acute withdrawal of alcohol may occur, such as delirium tremens (DTs), which could be fatal. Depression or other underlying mood disorders should be evaluated and treated. Often, alcohol abuse develops from efforts to self-treat an illness. Alcohol recovery or rehabilitation programs support the affected person after detoxification to maintain abstinence from alcohol. Counseling, psychological support, nursing, and medical care are usually available within these programs. Education about the disease of alcoholism and its effects is part of the therapy. Many of the professional staff involved in rehabilitation centers are recovering alcoholics who serve as role models. Programs can be either inpatient, with the patient residing in the facility during the treatment, or outpatient, with the patient attending the program while they live at home. Medications are sometimes prescribed to prevent relapses. Naltrexone (Vivitrol) is an opioid antagonist that decreases alcohol cravings. In April 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved an injected form of the drug. Disulfiram (Antabuse) works by producing very unpleasant side effects if even a small amount of alcohol is ingested within 2 weeks after taking the drug. Acomprosate is a new drug that has been shown to lower relapse rates in those who are alcohol dependent. These medications are not given during pregnancy or if the person has certain medical conditions. Long-term treatment with counseling or support groups is often necessary. The effectiveness of medication and counseling varies. Alcoholics Anonymous is a self-help group of recovering alcoholics that offers emotional support and an effective model of abstinence for people recovering from alcohol dependence. There are more than 1 million members worldwide, and local chapters are found throughout the United States. Al-Anon is a support group for spouses and others who are affected by someone elses alcoholism. Alateen provides support for teenage children of alcoholics. See alcoholism support group. For those who dont like the 12-step approach, there are several other support groups available. It is important that people dealing with alcohol problems know about these other groups because in the past, those who did not find AA helpful or were troubled by its requirement of submission to a Higher Power had no alternatives. SMART recovery uses research-based cognitive techniques to help alcoholics recover. LifeRing recovery and SOS are two other secular programs. Women For Sobriety is a self-help group just for women many female alcoholics have different concerns than men. Moderation Management is a program for problem drinkers seeking to moderate their drinking it recommends abstinence for those who fail at such attempts. Support Groups Members of AA have help available 24 hours a day, associate with a sober peer group, learn that it is possible to participate in social functions without drinking, and are given a model of recovery by observing the accomplishments of sober members of the group. Other support groups are smaller, but growing, and all have an online presence which provides support even at home late at night. Expectations (prognosis) Alcoholism is a major social, economic, and public health problem. Alcohol is involved in more than half of all accidental deaths and almost half of all traffic deaths. A high percentage of suicides involve the use of alcohol in combination with other substances. Additional deaths are related to the long-term medical complications associated with the disease. Only 15% of those with alcohol dependence seek treatment for this disease. Relapse after treatment is common, so it is important to maintain support systems in order to cope with any slips and ensure that they dont turn into complete reversals. Treatment programs have varying success rates, but many people with alcohol dependency have a full recovery. Complications Pancreatitis Heart muscle damage Nerve damage Esophageal bleeding Brain degeneration Cirrhosis of the liver Delirium tremens (DTs) Depression Erectile dysfunction Fetal alcohol syndrome in the offspring of alcoholic women High blood pressure Increased incidence of cancer Insomnia Nutritional deficiencies Suicide Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Calling your health care provider If severe confusion, seizures, bleeding, or other health problems develop in a person known or who is suspected to have alcohol dependence take the person to the emergency room or call the local emergency number such as 911. Prevention Educational programs and medical advice about alcohol abuse have been successful in decreasing alcohol abuse and its associated problems. Alcohol dependency requires more intensive management. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism recommends that women have no more than 1 drink per day and men no more than 2 drinks per day. One drink is defined as a 12-ounce bottle of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a 1 1/2-ounce shot of liquor. The Healthline Site, its content, such as text, graphics, images, search results, HealthMaps, Trust Marks, and other material contained on the Healthline Site (Content), its services, and any information or material posted on the Healthline Site by third parties are provided for informational purposes only. None of the foregoing is a substitute for professional medical advice, examination, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on the Healthline Site. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately. Please read the Terms of Service for more information regarding use of the Healthline Site.