Cats Cradle Essay -- Cats Cradle Vonnegut Essays

The Human VaccinationModern medicine has proved that the best way to prevent the contraction of a disease for humans is to inject a tolerable amount of the virus into the host and let the individuals immune system build a defense competent of withstanding future invasions of the same strand. The small pox vaccination, for example, has eliminated the disease from almost e truly nation on Earth. But what if the disease is psychological, a way of being or state of mind rather than a physical aberration? My interpretation of Vonneguts statement to poison minds with humanity to encourage them to make a better gentleman leads me to think that he would approach the problem with the same method. Inject just a bit of stupidity, naivet, and prideful ignorance directly into the cerebellum so that, hopefully, gradually, humanity will deprive themselves of these traits.The technique must be subtle. The beset and syringe must appear nonthreatening or no one will take it. Therefore disguise the needle with cynicism and satire. The idea is to present forms of unwanted human behavior that all of us possess and practice throughout our daily lives and make the reader aware of them. manoeuvre the reader humans being human and make them aware of all the stupid, silly, rude things we do and say everyday. Consider the ignorance of Miss Pefko, who neither finds science the very antithesis of magic nor understands the meaning of the word antithesis, the rude curtness of Marvin Breed and Philip Castle, and the duping of the entire population of the Bokonon religion based not on God, but upon socialism and lies. Cats rock n roll musician is full of characters that display very human, very unwanted traits. By recognizing these traits and consciously thinking about... ...niverse, he his painting a sporty picture of the pitfalls of life. It is very clear that in Cats Cradle, Vonnegut views religion and science as an excuse to not be responsible for individual actions. The Episcopali an woman in Newport believed that by knowing God, she knew everything, and except lacked the ability to read a blueprint (13). Dr. Hoenikker hid behind that faade of science so that an institution could carry the burden of his inventions, and Jonah blamed Bokonon for the mass suicide, neer once mentioning that each individual had a choice of whether or not to kill themselves (182).Vonneguts use of satire coats the poisonous pen used to show his readers the unavoidable consequences of stupidity and arrogance. Displaying the darkness and destruction of mankind allows his readers to see where changes can be made that would allow a better world to emerge.

The Recipe for Nature Essay -- Daniel Dennett Algorithm Essays

The Recipe for NatureMissing Works CitedNature is a fluid coalescence of complex magnificence resolving powering from an algorithmic mastery of simplicity. It is no doubt an awe-inspiring entity that invokes both great curiosity and bafflement in those who attempt to estimate for its existence and splendor. It is often seen as overly reductionistic, if not grievous, to try to condense the (mindless?) brilliance of nature through any sort of mechanistic or logical means. And here we are faced with what Daniel Dennett calls Darwins weighty idea that all the fruits of evolution can be explained as the products of an algorithmic deal (Dennett, 1995 p.60). It is no surprise that this idea might present a worry for the Homo-sapien ego, as it jeopardizes our egocentric concept of inborn superiority, as well as fails to satisfy our almost insatiable need to directly account for the expansiveness of the mankind around us. That is, for many of us it is somehow pessimistic, if not fatal istic, to be satisfied with the idea that we are products of nothing more than a mindless mechanical process (what a dangerous idea this is) (Dennett, 1995 p.60). The question then inevitably arises Is Darwins theory of natural selection really powerful enough to can account for all of the worlds design campaign (i.e., the time, energy and development needed to produce a complex outcome)? (Dennett, 1995) The answer is yes, but only subsequently nature has been unraveled in terms of an algorithmic design and only after the many misunderstandings of Darwins fundamental ideas have been rectified. If we are to discuss nature and natural selection in terms of being an algorithmic process, we must first define what is meant by an algorithm. An... ...Principle of Accumulation of Design refers to the fact that the complexity of design work found in nature can be accounted for, not by a definite design process preformed by a designer, but by a different sort of process that distributed t hat work over huge amounts of time, by thriftily conserving the design work that had been accomplished at each stage, so that it didnt have to be done over again (Dennett, 68). This idea of distributed design work is certainly in line with natures belatedly advancement in terms of complexity and order of organisms (Dennett, 69). Furthermore, the Principle of Accumulation of Design does not apply to work done as a result of a single unifying algorithmic process, but to the work done by a large class of related algorithms, the conglomeration of which is responsible for the complexity found in nature today (Dennett, 51).

Marijuana and the Biological Bases of Behavior Essay -- Research Paper

marijuana and the Biological Bases of Behavior cannabis is the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Like all plants, its sensitive to the environment where it grows. Some of the call for it are Mary Jane, pot, weed, grass, herb, ganja or skunk. The brain has many responses to marijuana. Marijuana can cause people to lose focus on events around them. For slightly it makes them more aware of their physical sensations. For others, there are numerous other effects. All forms of marijuana are mind-altering.All of the changes are caused by chemicals that affect the brain. much than 400 chemicals are in the average marijuana plant. When smoked, heat produces even more chemicals. Different weather and soil conditions can change the amounts of the chemicals inside the plant. Marijuana grown in one place might be chemically stronger than grown in another. Marijuanas effects on the user depend on its efficacy or potency, which is related to the amount of THC it conta ins.Marijuana causes some parts of the brain, such as those governing emotions, memory, and judgment, to lose balance and control. Marijuana can facilitate the heart rate up to 160 beats per minute. Dilated blood vessels make the whites of the eyes turn red. Panic feelings may be accompanied by sweating, wry mouth, or trouble breathing. Much like tobacco smokers, marijuana smokers may experience a daily cough and more frequent chest colds. sensual studies have found that THC can damage the cells and tissues in the body that help protect against disease. When the immune cells are weakened you are more likely to get sick.When someone uses marijuana, these chemicals travel through the bloodstream and quic... ...ology 8th ed. Australia, Canada, United States Wadsworth PublishingKouri, E.M., Pope, H,G., (2000, November). Abstinence Symptoms During Withdraw From Chromic Marijuana Use. Experimental and Clinical Psyhopharmocology,8(4),1- 13. Massi, P., Pavolaro, D., Rubino, T., & Vigano, D., (2001) The Psychoactive ingredient of Marijuana induces behavioural sensitization. European Journal of Neuroscience 14(5), 884-886.Nahas, G., (1977) biomedical aspects of Cannabis usage. Bulletin on Narcotics 29(2), 13-27.Martin, B. R., Neuropsychopharmacology The Fifth Generation of Progress, Marijuana. Retrieved from the Internet March 3, 2005. http//www.acnp.org/g4/GN401000170.CH166.htmlWilliams, J.S. (2004). Cognitive Deficits in MarijuanaSmokers Persist After Use Stops. National Institute onDrug Abuse, 18(5), 1-4.

Graduation Speech: Fireworks -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Addres

Even though you cannot see them yet, the fireworks result begin tonight. In clever stunning alter, they will paint over the black world around them and they will glow. In all shapes and sizes they will scatter over the stars and the moon. They will blow ones stack in audacious, almost deafening blasts to hushed crackles of soundless glory. Each diploma received is a lighted match of fire. Each graduate is a fuse. If you shake off a lighted match and a fuse together, you make sparks to create light. If you put a diploma and a graduate together, you have fireworks. As I look d avow into the mass crowd of parents, guardians, relatives, friends, teachers, and other members of Southern Columbias school community, I can only focus on my checkmate graduating classmates. This particular section is beginning to illuminate. It is giving off a subtle glow of many colors as if it is ready to explode into blinding lights. The speechless colors seen now are only the stored energy ready to explode. The TNT is the knowledge that each graduate has acquired at Southern Columbia. It is the basic factor in beginning to light their personal firework. Once every graduate has a diploma in their hands, the whole world will be painted with their cascading colors. These colors will reflect upon the eyes of many people watching them erupt. Bright hues will light up as every graduate paints the world with their own color. I caution everyone in the audience to put on their sunglasses, because I feel the future will be so bright for my fellow classmates and myself that we will all have to wear shades. Some people record they remember the enormous fireworks that stretch out for what looks like miles in the sky. Other people say they remember the fireworks that are small and pop so qu... ...tant people for caring about our future. You cannot look at the firecrackers ready to be set off and perfectly imagine their shape and size. You can only hope that they will ignite into a intro duction of colors and inspiration in all sizes instead of malfunctioning. As graduates, we do not know who we are until we see what we can do. Class of 2004, no matter how bright your colors glow, how large your display is, or how loud your boom is, all of us are important in providing the rest of the world with such a memorable fireworks display that will leave our spectators speechless. As a whole, we have achieved so much over the many years, and we will keep on achieving in life even after we have odd each others physical presence. As we move on with our lives, we will always meet in memories and in the sky as we display our individual colors and patterns over the world.

Damage to the Hypothalamus Essay -- Neurology Brain Disorders Papers

The hypothalamus is a small area near the base of the headway just ventral to the thalamus (Kalat 90). It makes up about 1/300 total brain weight in humans, and it is about the size of an almond (www.factmonster.com). Since the hypothalamus is attached to the pituitary gland, which is considered the master gland, the hypothalamus is the structure which actually has master control over promoting or inhibiting endocrine gland release, affecting many glands (Kalat 327). The main function of the hypothalamus is to regulate homeostasis, but its wide range of control affects the generation of behaviors involved in eating, drinking, temperature regulation, sexual behavior, copulation, maternal behavior, oecumenic arousal, activity level, the sleep-wake cycle, and emotional regulation of rage, aggression, embarrassment, escape from danger in fight or flight responses, and pleasure (www.geocities.com). When the hypothalamus is damaged, specific behavior changes occur aquiline on the lesion location on the hypothalamus. The affects of such behavior changes can affect a persons life to such a degree that a social operateer is needed for emotional, informational, familial, economic, and environmental support (www.iaswresearch.org).The hypothalamus controls the pituitary, which consists of two major glands anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary (which can be considered an extension of the hypothalamus). The hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, which are transported to their terminals in the posterior pituitary, and then released in the blood (Kalat 327). Oxytocin controls uterine contractions, milk release, certain aspects of parental behavior, and... ...al Cancer Institute Social works contribution to research on cancer prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment and surviviorship. Washington, D.C. www.iaswresearch.org.Kalat, J.W. (2004). Biological Psychology. CanadaWadsworth, Thomson Learning Inc.Taking Time Support For Peop le With Cancer and the PeopleWho dole out About Them (2001). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute.Taylor, S.E., Falke, R.L., Shoptaw, S.J., Steven, J., &Lichtman, R.R. (1986). Social support, support groups, and the cancer patient. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(5), 608-615.www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0824782.htmlwww.geocities.com/hhugs2001/roleofhyp.htmwww.heumann.org/body.of.knowledge/k1/hypothalamus.htmlwww.naswdc.org/research/password/120903.aspwww.webmd.com

What is Feminism Essay examples -- Social Issues, Womens Right

IntroductionThis essay aims to critic in ally evaluate feminist arguments against the present social system of science. It begins with delimitate feminism and different waves which happened in the history of feminism. It then moves on to introduce different approaches in feminism. The arguments will be critically evaluated and the essay will be finished by a conclusion.What is feminism? Feminism can be described as movements which aimed at defending and establishing and providing equal social, political and economical reform for women as well as equal opportunities for them (Butler, 1993). Because some people argue the gender as a social construction which can harm all people, thus, feminism look for liberate men as well as women (Butler, 1993). A person who practices feminism who can be either a worldly concern or a woman is called a Feminist.The history of western modern feminist movements can be divided into three waves (Humm, 1992). First-wave feminism looked for changes in ma rriage relationships, equality in property rights and eventually in womens right to vote or womens suffrage (W...

What is Feminism Essay examples -- Social Issues, Womens Right

IntroductionThis essay aims to critically evaluate feminist arguments against the present social system of science. It begins with defining feminism and contrary waves which happened in the history of feminism. It then moves on to introduce different approaches in feminism. The arguments will be critically evaluated and the essay will be finished by a conclusion.What is feminism? Feminism can be described as movements which aimed at defending and establishing and providing equal social, political and economical right for women as well as equal opportunities for them (Butler, 1993). Because some people argue the gender as a social construction which can harm all people, thus, feminism mind for liberate men as well as women (Butler, 1993). A person who practices feminism who can be either a man or a woman is called a Feminist.The history of western modern feminist movements can be divided into three waves (Humm, 1992). First-wave feminism looked for changes in marriage relationships , equation in property rights and eventually in womens right to vote or womens suffrage (W...

Traditional and Renewable Sources of Energy

TRADITIONAL ENERGY SOURCES SIDE BY SIDE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WHICH ONE IS MORE LIKELY TO WIN THE BATTLE inside THE FOLLOWING DECADES? Assuming that the energy is a vital asset for the human being, its really hard to answer this question, because both of them have advantages and disadvantages. When I read for the beginning(a) time this question I immediately thought that renew adapted energy sources would win, but then I realize that it sightt, because this kind of energy is not able to generate all the energy that we need.Having said that I dont mean that the traditional energy sources could win, because, as I said first, it has disadvantages, such as pollution and the occurrence that the sources are exhaustible. I think we should consider them together with their advantages and disadvantages. The traditional energy sources, although they are exhaustible sources, they are present in huge quantity in the world and they can generate all the energy that we need. Instead, renewabl e sources are inexhaustible, but, as I wrote before, they cant generate all the energy we need.Both of them need a with child(p) place where can be installed. As a result, both have a considerable impact on the environment. Others disadvantages for the renewable energy sources are that sometimes these resources are not available and the cost for this energy technology is more expensive than the other. After summarizing very briefly the advantages and disadvantages of the two types of energy sources, I can conclude that traditional and renewable energy sources cant separate, they will continue to co-exist if we want to generate energy.The main problem is how the human being uses the energy. Unfortunately, in some countries, hatful dont know the right value attributed to energy use. Doing so they consume more energy than what they need. People dont realize that with small steps daily they can serve save energy and save money, too I think that every government have to site money in that kind of education, and then invest more money for the renewable energy sources if we want to breath better air, not forgetting that the renewable energy sources cannot generate energy without the support of the traditionals one.

Ib Biology Hl2 – 6.1 (Digestion)

6. 1. 1 Explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential. There be two reasons why the digestion of large food molecules is vital. foremost, the food we decimate is made up of many compounds made by other organisms which atomic number 18 not all suitable for human tissues and therefore these have to be busted d protest and reassembled so that our bodies can use them. Secondly, the food molecules have to be puny enough to be absorbed by the villi in the intestine done public exposure, facilitated diffusion or combat-ready transport and so large food molecules need to be broken down into smaller ones for soaking up to occur.Summary ? 1. Food demand to be broken down and reassembled. 2. Large food molecules need to be broken down into smaller ones. 6. 1. 2 Explain the need for enzymes in digestion. Enzymes are needed in the process of digestion as they are the biological catalysts which break down the large food molecules into smaller ones so that these can eventual ly be absorbed. Digestion can occur naturally at body temperature, however this process takes a very long time as it happens at such a slow rate. For digestion to increase in these circumstances, body temperature would have to increase as well.However this is not possible as it would interfere with other body functions. This is why enzymes are vital as they speed up this process by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur and they do so at body temperature. Summary ? 3. Enzymes break down large food molecules into smaller ones. 4. Speed up the process of digestion by lowering the activation energy for the reaction. 5. melt at body temperature. 6. 1. 3 State the source, substrate, products and best pH conditions for one amylase, one protease and one lipase.AmylaseProteaseLipase EnzymeSalivary AmylasePepsinPancreatic Lipase SourceSalivary GlandsChief cells in stomach liningPancreas SubstrateStarchProteinsTriglycerides such as fats and oils ProductsMaltoseSma ll polypeptidesFatty Acids and glycerol Optimum pHpH 7 pH 1. 5 2pH 7 6. 1. 4 Draw and label a diagram of the digestive dust. ?Figure 6. 1. 1 The digestive system 6. 1. 5 Outline the functions of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The stomach is an important part of the digestive system.Firstly it secretes HCL which kills bacteria and other harmful organisms preventing food poisoning and it as well provides the optimum conditions for the enzyme pepsin to work in (pH 1. 5 2). In addition, the stomach secretes pepsin which starts the digestion of proteins into polypeptides and amino acids. Theses can then be absorbed by the villi in the small intestine. The small intestine is where the final stages of digestion occur. The intestinal wall secretes enzymes and it also receives enzymes from the pancreas.However the main function of the small intestine is the absorption of the small food particles resulting from digestion. It contains many villi which increase the app ear area for absorption. The large intestine moves the material that has not been digested from the small intestine and absorbs water. This produces solid faeces which are then egested through the anus. Summary Stomach 6. Secretes HCL which kills bacteria. 7. HCL provides optimum pH for pepsin. 8. Secretes pepsin for protein digestion. Small intestine 1. enteral wall secretes enzymes 2. Receives enzymes from the pancreas. . Has villi for absorption of food particles. Large intestine 1. Moves material that has not been digested along. 2. Absorbes water. 3. Produces faeces. 6. 1. 6 Distinguish between absorption and assimilation. Absorption occurs when the food enters the body as the food molecules pass through a layer of cells and into the bodies tissues. This occurs in the small intestine which has many villi that are specialize for absorption. Assimilation occurs when the food molecules becomes part of the bodies tissue. Therefore, absorption is followed by assimilation. 6. 1. Ex plain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and transport of the products of digestion. The structure of the villus is very specific. Firstly there is a great number of them so this increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine. In addition the villi also have their own projections which are called microvilli. The many microvilli increase the surface area for absorption further. These microvilli have protein channels and pumps in their membranes to allow the rapid absorption of food by facilitated diffusion and active transport.Also, the villi contains an epithelial layer which is only one cell layer thick so that food can pass through easily and be absorbed quickly. The blood capillaries in the villus are very closely associated with the epithelium so that the distance for the diffusion of the food molecules is small. This thin layer of cells contains mitochondria to provide the adenosine triphosphate needed for the active transport of certain food molecules. Finally, there is a lacteal branch at the centre of the villus which carries away fats after absorption. ?Figure 6. 1. Intestinal villus? Summary? 9. Many villi increase the surface area for absorption. 10. Epithelium is only one cell layer thick and so food is quickly absorbed. 11. Microvilli on the villi increase the surface area for absorption further. 12. Protein channels and pumps are present in the microvilli for rapid absorption. 13. The mitochondria in the epithelium provide ATP needed for active transport. 14. Blood capillaries are very close to the epithelium so diffusion distance is small. 15. The lacteal takes away fats after absorption.

The hegemonic decline of the United States and the eastward shift in the global capitalist economy

AbstractThe spectacular Recession of 2007-8 has exposed the inherent weakness of the occidental economies, whose growth had been fuelled on heavy indebtedness. This dissertation intends to broach the implications of the majuscule Recession of 2007-8 by applying the theoretical concepts related to the notion of hegemony in run to determine to what consummation on that point is a geopolitical shift in favour of China, pursuant to the decline of the United States. The dissertation withal utilizes the theory of economic crisis in severalise to ascertain the implications of the Great Recession and corroborate the idea of a hegemonic shift to the easterly.ObjectivesThe dissertation seeks to intervene in a central debate of our times in the field of Political Economy of International Relations the possible decline of United States hegemony and a possible shift of hegemony towards easterly Asia, especially China, given East Asias evolution role in the cosmea rescue. This trend h as exacerbated since the on furbish up of the Great Recession of 2007-8. Using the theoretical frame excogitate of hegemony, I intend to squ atomic issuance 18 up out to which extent the universalisation of the economic superstructure renders the notion of American hegemony obsolete. A Marxian model of interpretation can strengthly shed light into the reasons which China, with competitive advantages that vastly pass by those of the United States pull up stakes continue to accumulate power and establish itself as the new hegemon.Research questionsWhat is the best elbow room to conceptualise hegemony at the foreign direct in the context of the Great Recession of 2007-8?What elements have to be analysed in order to assess hegemony shifts in Capitalist Global Political EconomyHow does this apply to the crisis 2007-2008?What atomic number 18 the signs that American power decliningWhat are the potential implications of that decline?Did the Great Recession of 2007-8 ready an irre trievable hegemonic shift towards the Pacific?Theoretical frameworkThe dissertation is split up into two parts. The number 1 is theoretical and discusses the notion of hegemony at the external level. The second part elaborates on the theory of crises. The way in which hegemony has been conceptualised by influential authors such as Arrighi, Cox, Organski and Kindleberger is critically examined. In particular, the dissertation proposes a re-reading of Gramsci stressing the role of nation states and both elements, coercion and consensus, in the exercise of hegemony. Concerning crises, the dissertation seeks to elaborate an integral and perfect theory of economic crises based on Marx, contrasting the latter with recently developed neo-Marxist perspectives, such as the ones espoused by David Harvey and Ernest Mandel.MethodologyThe method for tackling this dissertation allow for involve a theoretical treatment of hegemony and the causes of economic crisis. Within that particular met hodological framework, I intend to analyse the Great Recession of 2007-8 and its implications for the shift fetching place, with the transfer of hegemonic power from the United States to China. Chapter one will be a treatment of the theoretical sources dealing with the notion of hegemony, as applied to shifts in the international political system of rules. Chapter two deals with the nature of economic crises and long economic cycles, as applied to the hegemonic shift taking place. Chapter three will examine the hegemonic shift taking place as a result of the Great Recession of 2007-8 and how the next long cycle could favour the transition from a US-dominated system to a Chinese-dominated one. I intend to use primary sources which will corroborate the economic and political decline of the United States as well as the rise of China, and analyse my findings by authority of the prism of the Great Recession of 2007-8. I will also utilise theoretical material (as outlined above) in o rder to examine to what extent there is a hegemonic shift taking place within the context of the ongoing economic crisis of the United States and the West.Literature reviewRobert Cox uses the Gramscian notion of hegemony in order to expose the structures which arise from shifts in the organisation of the international economy. These structures are kept through consensual and coercive power relations. These power relations are mark by ideological practices which give it an aura of normality, therefore establishing a particular cultural hegemony. Significantly, Cox argued that although specific states may be the bearers of hegemony, at its most of import level the term relates to the rooting of a set of elites in different countries that ack directlyledge certain essential principle on the international economy (Cox in Gill, S. (Ed.), 1993 42). According to Arrighi, hegemony becomes the added power that a dominant bod has as a result of being able to universalise the issues which a re capable of strikeing to strife (Arrighi in Gill, S. (Ed.), 1993 148). A state capable of exercising hegemony if it is able to lead the international political system in a particular direction and it is sensed by other states as pursuing the interests of the international community. However, the dominant state could also be interested in leading other countries into their own way of economic development (Arrighi, 1990 367). Arrighi argues that the competition for resources that promoted the capitalist expansion of the European economy into the wider world is structural rather than conjunctural. Its strength resides in the ability to provoke imaginative destructions motivated by economic crises, giving rise to the technological breakthroughs that have sustained the process of globalisation (Arrighi, 1998 128).Organski describes the rise of a hegemonic order in a situation in which powerful nations as well as middle and minor powers accept the given distribution of power and we alth and adhere to the like guidelines when it comes to diplomacy and commerce (Organski, 1969 354). The international order that arises achieves its legitimacy through the political orientation which underpins the power differentials between the different states. When a power shift occurs, it may be accompanied by conflict amongst the immense powers. This would very much depend on whether the challenger seeks to overhaul the rules of the game in the international political system (Organski, 1969 354). Gilpin operates with a more deterministic notion of hegemonic cycles, positing that the resolution of a hegemonic war represents the start of another period of growth and eventual decline of a great power (Gilpin, 1981 210). Kindleberger argues that the need to have a hegemon stems from the idea that only a dominant power can provide collective goods. He maintains that the main jeopardy that the international political faces is not the existence of too much power accumulated in one single hegemon but the presence of too some(prenominal) disengage riding states unwilling to exercise authority (Kindleberger, 1981 253).Gramsci re-examines the Marxian model by positing that the cultural and political base of a particular company is necessarily informed by the economic superstructure. The base includes categories such as the legal system, the prevailing ideology, the political make-up of the state and the cultural values of society. These categories are not complicated in the output signal of goods but legitimate the ways in which the productive forces shape society through surplus value extraction. Gramsci finds that the power of the dominant class goes far beyond the competencies of the state as it extends to the civil society, via institutions like schools, the press and cultural practices. The dominant class maintains hegemony by coopting the civil society, which is imbued with a particular ideology which ensures that the political status quo remains anchored in society and that it legitimates the way the productive forces operate (Holub, 1992 103).Marx attributed the emergence of economic crises to the tendency of the rate of profit to fall (Marx, 1863). The fate to provide the workforce with survival wages put limits on the exchange value of the labour capacity. This limits the surplus labour time and surplus value infallible for the accumulation of profits. There is a requirement that capital be transformed in consumption, therefore placing another burden on the process of production. Limitations on the production of use value by the requirement to create exchange value and the requisite of one-on-one profit before the satisfaction of social needs means that there will be overproduction. Capitalism attempts to create the conditions to resolve the inner contradictions of capitalism, such as the creation of a credit system. However, according to Marxist theory, crises are temporarily resolved until a higher level of econom ic crisis is attained (McCarthy, 1990 240).One of the ideas which Harvey puts forward in relation to the rise of neoliberal forms of globalisation is the constitution of accumulation by dispossession, resulting in the centralisation of economic wealth and political power in the hands of a very reduced number of people through policies of dispossession. These policies imply stripping the publics of access to wealth. More precisely, accumulation by dispossession entails the practice of financialisation, privatisation, upward state redistribution and the manipulation of crises. Harveys work is notably linked in an indirect manner to the ideas postulated by prominent public intellectuals of the Left such as Naomi Klein and Noam Chomsky, who also highlight the symbiosis between accumulation (upwards) and dispossession (downwards). These ideas seem to hark back to the classical Marxian template of a dialectic between the owners of the means of production and those who sell their labour a t a fraction of its cost, living permanently in the realm of necessity (Harvey, 2005).Mandel maintains the base/superstructure Gramscian symbiosis in its analysis of hegemonic relations in the post-World warfare two era, claiming that it ushered in a long-wave economic cycle of growth. The working class had been weakened by the effects of Fascism, which focused on the cooperation of the different social classes, and World War Two. Technology had increased the rate of profit, which produced impressive economic growth and accumulation of capital. Drawing on Gramsci, Mandel claims that it is impossible for the working class to capture civil society from a war of position as this would lead to reformism instead of creating true up change. Any attempt to seize the control of society must be through using a war of maneouvre. The working class, as a subject of social change, is not capable to capture society in a hegemonic way, as it has always been economically and culturally disenfranc hised. Any revolutionary process of change must be decisively quick. A drawn-out conflict would inevitably lead to an accommodation with the bourgeoisie (Mandel, 1995 28).The theory of economic crisis is linked to the notion of hegemony in its political thoughts. Transformations taking place in the international economy, particularly those of the magnitude of the Great Recession of 2007-8, have the potential to create a fracture in the hegemonic order constituted by and by the end of the Cold War. To be sure, there is a process of political and economic convergence which arises out of the increased level of interconnectedness amongst states. This process of harmonisation has been marshalled by the marriage between democracy and the free market orientation typical of the American political personality which emerged amidst the triumphalist furore of the early 1990s (Fukuyama, 1992 338). This emerging geostrategic situation steered the hegemonic path taken by the United States towar ds an expansion of its political personality to the wider world. The Great Recession of 2007-8 created a situation in which the tenets which sustained that hegemony have been broken. China and the Rest (i.e., the non-Western world) have been growing at a healthy rate whilst the West is still mired in an economic crisis which does not seem to have an end. This dissertation will campaign to united both theoretical frameworks in order to determine to what extent the economic crisis will induce a change of hegemonic order. The most crucial aspect to be analysed is whether China will be able to rework the notion of hegemony (which is a Western concept) in order to emerge as a potential challenger to the American dominion over the international order. The Great Recession of 2007-8 will potentially undermine the American military capabilities, which is the main element to be considered in the analysis of a putative hegemonic shift in favour of China. In addition, China seems to be intere sted in propping up its military capabilities. However, its geopolitical emphasis seems to be on forging commercial links with the Rest, rather than launching a frontal hegemonic challenge against the United States (Jacques, 2009 22).Case study The Great Recession of 2007-8One of my research questions explores the possibility that the Great Recession of 2008 created a hegemonic shift towards the Pacific, specifically China. In some respects, the first stage of globalisation (1990-2008) was made in creating an extensive network of international governance. The end of bipolarity gave rise to the ability to interconnect mankind by electronic means (personal computers, internet, fast processing of data). globalisation has also created a uniformity of ideology amongst the nations, such as the concept of liberal democracy and free markets (Dilly, 1992 59) Although some countries deviated from the norm of untrammelled capitalism after the topical anaestheticised financial crises of the 1990s (Russia, Argentina, etc), by and large there has been a trend towards ideological harmonisation, which also includes a growing concern for human rights. This is true for galore(postnominal) countries, notably first world ones. The first stage of globalisation created an interdependence that internationalised production and consumption. Whilst the outsourcing of production created benefits for consumers, it also rendered nations incapable of protecting their resources, which are now shared with the rest of the world through its management by transnational economic interests, and managed their economy for the benefit of its populations. As Bobbitt argues, the market-state ushered in by globalisation has as its main purpose the maximisation of opportunities for its citizens instead of protecting their welfare (Bobbitt, 2002 347). Since economic considerations have overtaken political ones, the increase rate of capitalist profit in the East means that China will continue to accu mulate power due to its strategic competitive advantages, lower wages, a young labour force and a huge internal market.The challenges posed by the Great Recession exceed the capacity of several(prenominal) states to be able to defend themselves. There is no nation, in the incipient stage of globalisation, which can act as steward and caretaker of the system. For example, the total flow of capital in the derivative industries vastly exceeds the size of the major economies of the world like the United States, the European Union and China ($531 tn as of September 2008). In addition, the first state of globalisation was chaotic, horizontal and disorderly. Globalisation brought in many positive elements for the world population, but also created many negative offshoots, which territorial states cannot possibly tackle on their own. The effects of global warming and natural resources degradation, the interruption of disease, nuclear proliferation, humanitarian catastrophes and the threa t of terrorism has one the one hand exposed the vulnerability of nation-states and created the need for common global action by international institutions that significantly erode their political sovereignty (Basch, L. et al, 1993 67) The imperial overstrech that the United States suffers from has resulted in the accumulation of massive debts, which now total more than 100% of its GDP. In addition, its economy is about to be overtaken by China, which is still growing at very high rates (Jacques, 2009 139).The second stage of globalisation will result in the erosion of hegemonic power of the United States. The Great Recession of 2008 provides an opportunity to recreate the global financial and economic structure as well as create more centralised supranational governance, as seen in the rise of the G20. One of the ways in which the crisis keeps melting down the political sovereignty of the nation-states is seen in the dispraise of the US dollar (the international reserve currency) due to the indiscriminate printing of money (Jansson, 2001 44). One of the ways in which the second stage of globalisation could down in a world-state is through the creation of currency harmonisation, possibly based on special drawing rights. The increased indebtedness of nations also harmonises the system towards a world-state, since the nation-state has to rely on a debt-based economy. The socialisation of banking losses through taxpayers dollars is also another variable to be reckoned with. The increased fragility of the system at local level creates greater opportunity for extra-national and supranational intervention. To be sure, the role of the nation-state has not gone away. However, their role is subordinated to the requirements of this increasingly emerging extraterritorial financial and economic structure. The answer to this emerging harmonisation towards a world-state is already being seen in the different arrangements made between BRICS nations and commodity-rich co untries seeking to replace the dollar as a forte of exchange (Suominen, 2012 33) In turn, this will end up hurting the most powerful sovereign nation, which will find it increasingly difficult to maintain military hegemony without the ability to print out as many dollars as it needs. The erosion of political sovereignty as a result of the Great Recession of 2008 and the reaction to it by the Second World goes hand in hand with the idea of privatisation of economic power, managed at supranational and extraterritorial level by powerful private concerns (Khanna, 2008 41). These supranational concerns are in the process of setting up their own regulatory schemes, imposed on individual territorial states, which are finding it increasingly difficult to resist them. My preliminary findings show that the realignment of economic international systems is the main conduit by which harmonisation leading to an hegemonic shift in favour of China will be activated. In addition, there is a defini te reaction by what I would call the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation bloc (notably China and Russia, but also the likes of India and Iran). The harmonisation process is proceeding apace in the West. This reaction in the Second World is generating its own kind of harmonisation. The political sovereignty of nations could also be further impaired by the conflict that will arise as a result of it. Trying to eliminate the logic of anarchy brings with it the possibility of conflict. As Schmitt put it, the political cannot exist outside the realm of conflict. It is expected that the United States will not let China accumulate the necessary military capabilities in order to establish itself as the new hegemon.Preliminary findingsThere are several factors which enables us to think that a hegemonic transition is taking place. A massive, majestic display of Chinese-constructed fighter aircraft and other military equipment was used to commemorate the 60th anniversary of communist Chinas foun ding, on 1 October, 2009. At the selfsame(prenominal) time, Chinas space industry was rapidly burgeoning and continuing to develop. Along with the fact that the Chinese economy continued to expand during a global niche and a rising position on the world political stage, these technological advances indicate Chinas movement towards the status of a world superpower. eyepatch the rest of the world struggled in 2009, the Chinese economy exemplified a remarkable flexibility in returning to significant growth. The Chinese government attributes this economic resilience to Chinas blend of communism with capitalism, in contrast to the laissez-faire approach taken by the West (Guthrie, 1999 122).In early 2009, a migration of millions of workers from urban areas to rural locales resulted from the closure of factories that produced exports on the east coast and south coast of China. The steep price of fuel and food had put pressure on class budgets in 2008, and in order to halt inflation, st ringent financial and credit policies were set in place. These policies caused the construction industry to dip, as well as a slump in the property market. In response, the Chinese government created a stimulus package in November 2008 that was worth 4 trillion yuan (about $586 billion). close to 50% of the stimulus package was set aside for improving infrastructure, such as railways and airports, primarily in rural regions, while a further 25% was designated for the Sichuan province, which had been severely affected by a May 2008 earthquake and was in need of rebuilding. Banks were ordered to increase lending, and the result was a 164% upsurge of loans in the first three quarters of 2009. This facilitated a rebound of the economy, which occurred far more quickly than in other countries. (Wright, 2010 221). Additionally, the latter part of the year saw the recovery of exports, which set China up to overtake Germany as the top exporter world-wide. As a result, speculation grew as to whether China could reclaim the dominant position that it once held preceding to the early 1800s, at which time it provided roughly one third of manufacturing in the world, compared to just 25% of manufacturing in the West. This outcome was rendered more probably by a trade deal with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations that transpired at the end of the year. As the worlds largest creditor, China had a symbiotic and mutually skilful relationship with the U.S., the globes biggest debtor, that had become vital in the effort to rebalance the global economy. Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of the Peoples Bank of China (PBOC) issued a statement on 23 March 2009 that called for an international currency that would replace the U.S. dollar as the primary global currency and would remain unattached to individual countries he argued that this currency would have increased stability over time. The Peoples Bank of China also proposed that Special Drawing Rights, which were designed in 1969 by the IMF for utilisation between international institutions and governments, might be employed on a wider scale and used as payment in international finance and trade transactions. This would reduce fluctuations in price and the risks associated with these fluctuations. The initiative was made again at the yearly Group of Eight (G-8) summit that took place in Italy in July 2009. Delegates from China, India, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa (also known as the Group of Five) were also invited to the summit, where China, along with India and Russia (a G-8 member) called for an overhaul of the global financial system and a halt to dollar domination. In the latter part of September 2009, the president of the World Bank, Robert Zoellick, cautioned that the U.S. dollar faced an increasing threat due to the rising force of both the euro and the Chinese yuan. At this juncture China had surpassed Japan as the main creditor of the U.S. there were concerns coming from Beijing that the $800.5 bi llion value of U.S. Treasury securities, along with other assets that constituted 60% of Chinas foreign-exchange reserves and 30% of foreign-exchange reserves globally, would be attenuated by American debt and decreasing confidence in the U.S. dollar. China presented a interim solution, which was to resist purchasing U.S. Treasury stock and, more significantly, to advocate the utilisation of the yuan as a world currency. (Kim, 2010 49).Bibliography Arrighi, G., Capitalism and the Modern World-System Rethinking the Non-debates of the 1970s reexamination (Fernand Braudel Center), Vol. 21, No. 1 (1998), pp. 113-129Arrighi, G. The Three Hegemonies of Historical Capitalism, Review (Fernand Braudel Center), Volume 13, Number 3 (Summer, 1990), pp. 365-408Basch, L. et al (1993) Nations Unbound Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments, and Deterritorialized Nation-States, Gordon and Breach, LondonBobbitt, Philip (2002) The Shield of Achilles War, Peace and the word form of Histo ry. radical York, Alfred KnopfBryson, J. Nick, H., Keebie, D. and Martin, R. (1999) The Economic Geography Reader Producing and Consuming Global Capitalism, Wiley, naked YorkDilly, R. (1992) Contesting Markets Analyses of Ideology, Discourse and Practice, Edinburgh University Press, EdinburghFukuyama, F. (1992) The Last Man and the End of History, Free Press. New YorkGill, S. (Ed.) (1993) Gramsci, Historical materialism and International Relations, Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGilpin, R. (1981) War and Change in World Politics, Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGuthrie, D. (1999) Dragon in a Three-Piece Suit The Emergence of Capitalism in China, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJHarvey, D. (2005) The New Imperialism, Oxford University Press, OxfordHolub, R. (1992) Antonio Gramsci Beyond Marxism and Postmodernism, Routledge, New YorkJacques, M. (2009) When China Rules the World The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order, Penguin Press, New Y orkJansson, B. (2001) The Sixteen-Trillion-Dollar Mistake How the U.S. Bungled Its depicted object Priorities from the New Deal to the Present, Columbia University Press, New YorkKhanna, P. (2008) The Second World, Penguin Books, LondonKim, Yong-Ki, The Rise of G20 and Koreas Response , SERI Quarterly. Volume 3. Issue 4 October 2010, pp. 49-66Kindleberger, C. Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy, International Studies Quarterly 25(2) (1981), pp. 242-54Mandel, E. (1995) Long Waves of Capitalist Development, Verso, LondonMarx, K. (1863) The Capital, Volume III, http//www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/index.htmMCCarthy, G. (1990) Marx and the Ancients Classical Ethics, Social Justice, and Nineteenth-Century Political Economy, Rowman and Littlefield, Savage, MDOrganski, A.F.K. (1969) World Politics, Knopf, New YorkSuominen, K. (2012) Peerless and Periled The Paradox of American Leadership in the World Economic Order, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CAWri ght, T. (2010) Accepting Authoritarianism State-Society Relations in Chinas emend Era, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA

Discrimination and the Arts Essay

1. W.E.B Du Bois makes a strong and persuasive argument about twin consciousness and racial struggle in America. ANSWER THIS QUESTION Do you agree that artbroadly definedcan be an antidote or a form of defense against certain kinds of discrimination? 2. Take a position on this issue by first exploring at least trey of our course texts, starting with Du Bois and leading through several of our other readings (Martin Luther King, Alice Walker, bell hooks, or any of the other writers weve read in this unit or the previous unit on disability).IN OTHER WORDS, you must use Du Bois and at least two other authors in Cultural Conversations. Is there, for example, an art to the practice of nonviolence such as King describes, or to the use of language discussed in Linton and Slackjaw? 3. Ultimately, your exploration of these connected ideas should lead to a clear position of your own, and you must picture in this paper that you can synthesize a number of differing ideas in the pursuit of yo ur own argument. We will discuss strategies to do so in class.4. brook an example from contemporary culture of people resisting (or not resisting) discrimination. Use this example to demonstrate your position on art as resistance. Consider questions such as would art have helped the less empowered people fight back? Did art play a part in the arguments against discrimination? In what ways does art address discrimination in your example? You may use print or web sources for this example as long as you record these reverencefully. In addition, you must define what you mean by art in order to construct a strong argument. 5. Include in your paper an identification and re barelytal of an opposing or counter-argument.This section of your paper may be short, but it is a vital aspect of your paper, so dont close up to include it. IN OTHER WORDS, give the other side of your answer to the top question about art as an effective form of resistance and then argue against it. If you answer yes, then say how people could argue no and argue against them. 6. You will need to use at least 5 sources for this paper THREE from Cultural Conversations (Du Bois plus two others) and TWO related to your example (they can be nonscholarly).7. GRADING BASED ON forming a thesis, screening originality, constructing and organizing your argument, using textual evidence, showing you understand the main themes of the course/unit, meeting stylistic and grammatical standards, and finding and using sources. 8. Use MLA format and citation style. overly use 1 inch margins and Times New Roman or similar font. No cover page please. Number your pages and include a question with your name and my name on it. Staple your paper. Dont forget a title. Proofread.W.E.B. Du Bois Marcus Garvey Booker T. WashingtonLangston Hughes Anna Julia Cooper Frances E.W. Harper Anonymous ReviewerLifting the befog of Ignorance, B.T. Washington Memorial at Tuskegee UniversityFrom Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man (1952) Then in my minds eye I see the bronze statue of the college Founder, the chilliness Father symbol, his hands outstretched in the breathtaking gesture of lifting a veil that flutters in hard, metallic folds above the face of a kneeling striver and I am standing puzzled, unable to decide whether the veil is really being lifted, or lowered more firmly in place whether I am witnessing a revelation or a more efficient blinding.Bob MarleyRedemption SongEmancipate yourself from mental slaveryNone but ourselves can free our minds.Langston HughesI, Too, Sing AmericaFrances E.W. HarperThe Burdens of AllFrom W.E.B. Du Bois Criteria of Negro ArtPAGE 160 The apostle of beauty thus becomes the apostle of truth and right not by choice but by inner and outer compulsion. Free he is but his freedom is ever bounded by truth and judge and slavery only dogs him when he is denied the right to tell the truth or recognize an ideal of justice Thus, all art is propaganda and ever must be, in spite of the wailing of the purists I do not care a damn for any art that is not used for propaganda. But I do care when propaganda is confined to one side while the other is stripped and silent.

Gatsby Embodies West Egg Essay

In the allegory, The Great Gatsby, Scott Fitzgerald uses various literary devices much(prenominal) as theme, irony, and characterization to embody Gatsby with western hemisphere Egg characteristics. The Great Gatsby is set in New York and on Long Island, in two areas known as westerly Egg and East Egg. The narrator, Nick, describes West Egg as the home to the unfermented luxuriant, those who, having made their fortunes recently, yield neither the social connections nor the refinement to move among the East Egg set. West Egg is characterized by lavish displays of wealth and garish poor taste.Both locations can be seen generally as established aristocracy for East Egg and the self-made rich in West Egg. Therefore, theres definitely a discrepancy between the two places. Gatsby, one of the protagonists of the novel, lives in a huge mansion in West Egg and is an urbane man. He hosts parties every night which are full of fun and action, he seems like a man that exhilarates people to countenance fun. Gatsby embodies the characteristics of West Egg as he, at least until chapter 5, has made himself rich.In chapter 5 Gatsby clarifies that he did inherit his money from his family who bequeathed it to him, however he lost roughly of it in the big panic- the panic of the war (Fitzgerald 87). Therefore he got involved in the drug business and oil business to make money again, which he is no longer involved in. This is one way Gatsby embodies West Egg as he made himself rich by working in these 2 businesses. It is clear that Gatsby is sloshed as he owns an enormous house with a swim pool, beach, vast garden, fancy parties and marble everywhere (Fitzgerald 11).This portrays one of the themes in the novel, the wreck between old money and new money, that manifests itself in the novels symbolic geography East Egg and West Egg. Gatsby would be considered the new money, while people such as Tom, which come from a wealthy family, is the old money. This is a pivotal theme t hroughout the novel as it affects various aspects of characters and setting. This also relates to how the discrepancy between West Egg and East Egg affects the characterization of certain characters.Gatsby is characterized as a man that is wealthy and loves to share his happiness with others by hosting numerous parties which are full of expensive drinks such as Chartreuse (Fitzgerald 88) held in his luxurious mansion. Irony is also pledge in the first chapters of the novel, as before Nick Carraway met Gatsby, no one truly knew who he was or where he came from. There where a few rumors, such as him killing someone or being the son of a German king, however no one knew the truth and people wanted to secure more close Gatsby. Many scrutinized his background as many wondered where he came from, and who he truly was.Throughout the novel the reader know learns more about Gatsby. One might expect Gatsby, the organizer of the huge parties, to be an active, energetic, and creative person however its ironic how the reader finds out Gatsby is the complete opposite. He is describes as a man of class, elegant, who doesnt drink, isnt an alcoholic, and isnt a great partier himself, as he isnt often present during his parties where everyone else is. This is another reason why he embodies the characteristics of West Egg, because in West Egg, those who made themselves rich, dont, or at least until now, havent mentioned the way they earned their wealth.Gatsby doesnt guarantee everyone immediately the way he became rich, he rarely talks about it. Also Nick, the narrator, he lives in West Egg, therefore he must have some sort of wealth, however he doesnt mention it or clarifies exactly where he got it from. Instead East Egg seems to work in a different way, since its the place of old money and established aristocracy, that means people are established rich and have most likely communicable wealth from their family, such as Tom. Therefore, Fitzgerald portrays Gatsby in such wa ys that fulfill the characteristics of a man living in West Egg.

How has technology affected your life Essay

Technology is an essential need in everybodys life . Without engineering science , many things would not be able to materialize . As for me , engineering science has do my life more enjoyable and easy . What is technology ? Technology is a body of knowledge devoted to creating tools , processing actions and extracting of materials . In my life in that respect have many great changes in technology . Many of these changes have affected my life greatly . They have made it both easier and faster to do things . The one piece of technology that has affected my life is the computer and on the whole its programs . The computer and all its programs have made my life so much easier . beforehand the computer was invented you either had to spell out out what you destinyed to say or typewrite it on the typewriter . However this was not always easy because if you made a mistake there was no way to fix it but to write it over again or use white out . With the computer though , mistakes coul d be made and fixed before I print it out .These mistakes could be solved within seconds by doing a spelling and grammar check . likewise the computer I can save my work so if something happens to the first copy another copy could easily be made . With the typewriter and plain ancient writing it if the original copy was damaged you had to write it over again . Another great thing about the computer is that it is fast . If I were to write this essay by hand it would take me about twice the time because I would have to write the letters instead of just pressing buttons to pass away the letters on the screen . Next the computer has many programs on it like all of the Microsoft Office programs so that I could do all of my rail work and it sometimes has games on it . One of the useful products of technology would be the television . Usually , my family would sit to guideher in the living room to stick with television programmes together after dinner . During this time , we would occ asionally talk about the shows that are being broadcasted .This allows my family to interact with each other more oft . In the twenty-first century , one of the most important technologies would be the internet . The internet is a systemwhich allows pile to communicate globally . I personally use the internet on a daily basis and find it useful in many ways . Also the computer comm moreover has an internet connection . The internet is the one thing that saves me a boat load of time . On the internet I could research a affair for an essay I am supposed to write for school . This takes the place of going to the library and spending the whole day to find the same knowledge that I could find on the internet in 5 minutes .With the information from the internet I could copy and paste the important info into a word document and use that information to create my reports , but with books I would have to copy the page that has good information on a duplicator or copy it by hand . Also I could communicate with people on the internet through email right from home art object I am doing my reports . The internet makes me feel like the world is at my finger tips all I need to do is explore . The computer has made my life easier and free to do fun stuff by lessoning the time that is spent doing school work . Online gaming is also another big fictional character of my life when I play games over the internet . I am able to make friends with people from other countries .Another part of technology in my life would be the ready technology . In the olden days , people who wanted to communicate with their relatives in far away places would have only two choices . One was to personally take the trouble to travel to their relatives place and another would be via sending letters . Both ways needed gigantic amount of time , with mobile technology , peoples lives are made easier as they can contact each other anywhere and anytime they want to . Ever since I was a child I have been interested in technology . I remember when I got my first squall . This phone did nothing except keep an alarm and call people . At the time it didnt have a SIM Card or no aid so all I could do was pretend to make calls . Of course I was a child at the time the joy of having a spin that had the power to connect to peoples conversations wirelesslyamazed me . When I received my first phone I started to stay more affiliated with my friends and occasionally update my memorandum each day .When I entered High School , our coach had a thing for writing emails . This kept me up to date with our workout schedule . Now I have a habit of preparing for things weeks before I need to to even worry about them . When I started Facebook I started to stay connected with my friends . I was on it almost everyday , however I started to stop using Facebook before my SPM year . Without information technology I dont think I would be anywhere as organized as I am now . I personally have a mobile phone too and it has become more than a necessity in my life . With all the technology we have nowadays we dontt need to get out of the house anymore , you can do everything from the comfort of your home .Almost everything resolves around technology now . What do most people do when they come back from school ? They usually go watch TV , go on the computer or something else like that . People take all of this for granted , what would they do if there was a power cut and they couldnt watch TV or go on the computer ? Most people would just laze about doing nothing until the power come back on . Not many would pick up a book or do any of the things they would have done when none of these things were round .As a conclusion , technology changed our life into a simple and easy role without questions . Technology does a lot to make things in life easier , faster , and more efficient . This is so we can do more things in a shorter amount of time , expending the least amount of physical an d mental energy possible . At last , technology has certainly revolutionised communication surrounded by people , but not all of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive . Technology has changed my life so much and I love it . The world of technology is always changing and I cant wait to see what is made next .

The fresh sea air blew in my cold face – Creative Writing

The fresh ocean air blew in my cold face. The air was bitter, and I could hear the waves bashing over against the pale white cliffs. I strolled on the cliff side, listening to the waves and the seagulls up above, they echoed as they swooped slew past my shoulders. A shiver went down my goading as a raindrop hit my shivery hands I pulled up the hood, on my old grayish waterproof and searched for c over. The blackening clouds ga in that respectd in the murky grey sky, and a rumble of thunder was in brief followed by a bolt of terrifying lightening. I gazed break to the horizon and in the distance I could behold a monstrous unwanted ship.The worm started to howl and the rain came down harder and harder. The ship out at sea was swaying and disappearing deep into the troughs amongst the waves, and as it drew closer I could see that it was a cruise liner, it looked just like the ship which I once went on. As I stepped out of the taxi, the humid sticky air hit me and the bakshi s, blew my hair on my hot flushed face. I looked around and there it was the cruise liner. The sparkling white ship dazzled on the waters protrude like diamonds. I glanced at it again, and there were crowds of people gathering.The sun crept through with(predicate) the clouds in the sky and shadows of ornament trees covered the dull concrete floor. I walked down to the beach, to feel the warm sand rub against my toes. come forth of the corner of my eye I caught a glimpse of yachts sailing in the salty harbour. The smell of seek lingered in the air and I could feel the sh anyow waves tickle against my ankles and the blazing sun shining down onto my sore burnt shoulders. I stood there for a couple of minutes, enjoying the peace, but the humidity was too much. My parents called me and I rushed up the steep mound of hot sand and rumble.My Mum handed me my tatty recommendation and told me to get in the queue. I could barley see what was going on up head, I stood on tiptoes and attem pted to pear through the gaps. I could just about see an old man, rather large and looking rather grumpy, he was taking pictures of everybody then checking there passports. I stood in the ever permanent queue for what seemed like ages, the hot sun still shining down. Once aboard the ship, I matte cooler, but the air conditioning felt like it was choking me, my mouth had gone dry and the waterlogged smell made me heave.The atmosphere was lively, but empty at the same time, there were young children clutching to there parents, screeching with amazement. Every where seemed dark and compacted, the reception was dull and bland. My mum went to the desk to collect our cabin keys she handed them over and said that our luggage would arrive shortly. This is when we got more than we had bargained for. We struggled down the endless narrow corridor, squeezing past separate peoples luggage, glancing at each and every number, on each and every door. Finally, we arrived at our cabins however the re was no luggage outside either of our rooms.We turned the key in the rusty lock and entered the cabin through the thin doorway. The rooms were bland and dull the furniture was shabby and rather worn, the room felt close and full. My sister and I decided to go and hunt for our suitcases. We dawdled down thin extended corridors still fight to get passed peoples luggage, the corridor was decorated with bright pictures which opened up the confined space. We glanced at the name tags on suitcases which looked standardized to ours, and after about twenty minutes we found three bags, stacked at the end of a corridor.When we arrived back at the room my brother had found the other bags, I sat on my quiver bed and stared out to the harbour, if you looked underneath the seas surface you could see jelly fish swaying about in between pieces of rubbish. Once we had left the harbour I went exploring round the ship and as I wandered past the eatery my stomach rumbled and my mouth watered, at the smell of burger and chips, I glanced in to see brightly coloured fruits all laid out, and many other passengers tucking into there lunch.I left the restaurant and strolled along to the pool, Young children leaping around in the corner with kids club and parents at the bar enjoying a drink or twain The wind had calmed down now and clouds had cleared, but it still wasnt that hot so I wandered back to my cabin to get my family for lunch, I kept on imagining the watermelon melting in mouth, and the chips covered in catsup on my plate. I stopped to look out the window, we had been out of the harbour know for about an hour, I could faintly see dolphins swaying in and out of the twirling waves they looked like silkThe rain poured down harder and harder on my shoulders as I watched the cruise liner come into the harbour, I wondered if I would ever experience a cruise again? I hope so, but maybe not quite yet, the lightening struck once more, and the wind howled, I could hear the seagulls in the distance, and the bitter air blew up inside my loose waterproof, the howling wind pushed me over and I struggled to my feet, the horizon had drawn closer and the misty sky made it hard to sea out onto the deadly ocean, and I could see no further than the fence a few meters in front of me.

Canon strategic analysis case study Essay

This report examines the warlike dodging that enabled the photographic camera participation from Japan1 not only to break d avouch the monopoly enjoyed by xerox in the copier employment in the 1970s but to a fault to grow into a passing diversified, multi- harvest-festival and multinational premier party.Specifically, the report considers (1) the combative st wandergy of canon (2) the major resources and capabilities of enactment (3) guidance of the instruction and transfer of capabilities throughout the agreement (4) Canons strategic emplacement (5) is Canon successful? (6) last and key discipline pointsCompetitive strategyThe dominant generic competitive strategy adopted by Canon is differentiation. The company deployed its technological capabilities and know-how in fine optics, precision mechanics, microelectronics and fine chemicals to develop innovative and state of the art products, which were of better quality than those of its competitors. These products resu lted mainly from the strong, decentralised look into facilities of the company and the incredible ability of its engineers to convert enquiry findings to new products and technological innovation. Although Canon surveyed in manufacturing products at low cost, it did not deliberately compete on the basis of low price. The quality of its products combined with significant amount of marketplaceing and deliberate brand victimization efforts have established a sound reputation for Canon in the market and these underlie the competitive return of Canon.Resources and capabilitiesThe major resources of Canon are as follows(1) Financial capacity product innovation and confederate festering in sales and profits enabled provided Canon with the finance required for additionalresearch and product growth which resulted in further increases in revenue in a virtuous cycle.(ii) Decentralised R&D and new product development in addition to the companys main research centre which supports sta te-of-the-art research in optics, electronics, new materials and information technology, each product division has development centres (manned by its own R&D personnel) where 80% to 90% of the companys patentable inventions are disc everywhereed. three roughly incorporated research centres are responsible for applying the research findings to new products development. The company withal introduced course of instructions to reduce the era for taking new technology to market by 50%. Innovative products provide the company with competitive advantage through new sales and patents, which serve as entry barriers to competitors.(iii) Marketing expertness the effectualness of Canons marketing expertise derived from an effective product introduction strategy, a strong principal internet, large advertising spend and brand development. New products are first introduced in the dwelling house market in the beginning they are sold overseas in order to enable the learning and experience f rom the home market to be transferred to international markets. Even then, new products are only introduced into the market through proven, breathing channels, to minimise the risk of failure. The Company also built up a strong dealer network which supported both sales and service of copiers. Dealers had to complete a service training course before they are allowed to sell copiers. Canon regards dealers as a vital asset through which it is able to go steady and reply to customers reads on a timely basis. Brand development efforts are undertaken through advertising, corporate sponsorship and a deliberate effort to only associate unique and quality products with the brand. This was demo when Canon pertinacious not to market the inferior CPC technology licensed from RCA under the Canon name.(iv) Partnerships and mutual venture relationships despite Canons strong technological capability, it acknowledges that it has neither the resources nor the time to develop all the technolog ies needed for its products. This resulted in the development of strategic alliances and joint ventures inEurope and in the US, with companies such(prenominal) as CPF Deutsch, Eastman Kodak and Texas Instruments. These relationships were not only sources of required technology, they also served as strategic tool for market development for the companys products and for mitigating foreign trade tensions.(v) gamey quality, low cost manufacturing Canon has a philosophy of producing quality products at the lowest cost. Strong ferocity is placed on inventory management, waste reduction, material and production planning. Continuous improvement in productiveness was achieved through mechanization and innovative process improvement. The commonality of parts between adjacent copier models also contributed to low cost of manufacturing due to standardisation. High quality, low cost manufacturing combined with premium prices provide Canon with an opportunity to earn good margins.(vi) Highly m otivated work-force employees are held in high regard at Canon. This was applicable to both business unit managers as well as production line workers. The business unit managers were empowered to act as surrogate CEO of their units and to make quick business decisions. A number of initiatives were implemented to motivate production workers. These include the break dance and fix it programme (which empowers any employee to stop the production line if he or she believes there is a quality problem), responsibility for maintenance of own machine and on-line feedback on quality and production targets. The take of motivation was reflected in the suggestion programme implemented by the company which resulted in more than 70 suggestions per employee per year, with a 90% implementation rate of suggestions offered. These resulted in significant corporate savings relative to the cost of the programme.(vii) Visionary leadership the companys president, Mr. Kaku, was a very effective and vision ary leader. He introduced the diversification drive, corporate entrepreneurship and was very think on the long barrier direction of the company.(viii) Suppliers relationship the long-term relationship developed with suppliers enabled the company to outsource the manufacturing of over 80% ofcopier parts to suppliers.(ix) Long-term approach Canon always takes a long term view when making management or strategic decisions. This was demo for instance when the company developed the undulate jet printers which was capable of cannibalising its well established laser jet printer. This approach enabled a consistent and focused implementation of strategic choices rather than short term panic reaction to crisis and challenges.These resources and capabilities are extremely substantial for Canons competitive advantage over its competitors.Management of development and transfer of capabilities throughout the government activityAs Canon grew into a multi-product, multinational corporation, t he companys management took the following steps to discipline the continued development and transfer of capabilities throughout the organisation(i) Implementation of mugwump entrepreneurial business units independent operating units were created for cameras, office equipment and optical instruments. The business units were empowered to act on their own but were disposed clear profitability targets and highly ambitious growth objectives.(ii) Functional committees three functional committees were established by management to oversee the company-wide administration of new technology and product development, manufacturing and marketing. These committees were chaired by members of Canons management committee, which gives them the ability to ensure consistency and communicate improvements throughout the organisation and into the different business units.(iii) Development of a orbicular information system Canon developed the GINGA system to interconnect all parts of the organisation int o a global database to facilitate the timely flow of information among managers in all the companys locations around the world.Canons efficient vertical communications structure with a lateral unrivalled will facilitate direct information exchange among managers across businesses, countries, and functions1.Strategic perspectiveThe strategic perspective of Canon has traditionally been inside-out orientated. The company had a product focus whereby it deploys its technological capabilities to develop a diverse melt of products, which it then markets on the strength of its brand through a wide range of dealer network and direct sales channel. The advantage of this method for a company like Canon is that it is able to leverage its expertise to develop a wide range of unique products. The costs associated with such developments would relatively be lower as it leverages on existing capabilities. The experience gained in the use of the cardinal technology should result in high quality p roducts. There is however the capability danger that the company may be unaware of changing trends and requirements in the market and therefore be unable to respond swiftly, giving competitors an advantage.It would appear however that Canons strategy is not exclusively inside-out, but has some elements of market focus. The development of the personal copier market for instance was found on an identified need in the market, with a clear description of the features of the product that would meet the need. This was clearly base on an outside-in approach. In addition, one of the major reasons that Canon values its dealer network is because it enables that company to understand and respond to customers needs.variegation into the computer industryBased on the capabilities of Canon in the early 1990s, the company should have a good chance of doing well if it focused on the computer industry for the following reasons(i) The company has demonstrated a strong ability to develop new technolo gical innovations on the back of its existing technologies. With itsexpertise in electronics, optics, fine chemicals and semi-conductors, Canon has the potential to develop quality computer systems that will compete favorably in the market.(ii) Canon already has a well-established brand name in home and office automation products through its range of copiers, facsimiles, electronic typewriters, laser printers and word processing equipment. The company will probably succeed in linking these discrete products into a multifunctional system. With the quality associated with the brand, its strong dealer network and direct selling experience, the market is very likely to give such a system a chance.(iii) Canon has also demonstrated the ability to buy in technology through its strategic alliances. This capability, with its low cost, high quality manufacturing should enable Canon to develop competitive computer systems.Apart from computers, the company should consider products that can util ise the companys existing technological capabilities and dealer networks, such as DVD, televisions and similar products.Is Canon successful?From a variety of perspectives, Canon can indeed be regarded as successful. It effectively damaged the dominance of turn back over the copier market, developing its market shares during the period. It also successfully diversified from being a camera company into a multinational, multi product company offering a range of high quality products to its global customers. The Canon brand name is well respected across the globe. Financially, the company recorded consistent growth in sales and profits over the review period. A review of the companys pecuniary statements from 1998 to 2002 showed that Canon has continued to grow its turnover and net income.Conclusion and key learning points(i) Resource based approach Canons success was largely driven by thecompanys ability to utilise its core competences to develop innovative products as a means of gai ning competitive advantage.(ii) Continuous learning and innovation Canon demonstrated the benefits of continuous learning. As it succeeded with the AE-1 camera, its researchers and engineers further developed new expertise in microelectronics (to produce the electronic calculator), the new process (for copiers), cartridge based technology (for the personal copier and later the desktop printer) etc. These enabled the company to diversify its range of products which was one of the reasons for its growth and success.(iii) Strategic value of partnerships and joint ventures Canon effectively used these for acquiring technologies, developing markets, mitigating foreign trade tensions and reducing costs.(iv) Corporate level strategy as the company developed into a multi-product and multinational corporation, the corporate level strategy remained the fomite through which the global organisation was managed and integrated.(v) Strong monopolies can be humbled with over 93% market share in th e 1970s and a brand name that was synonymous with copying, it would appear that the positional advantage of Xerox was unassailable. Canon demonstrated that such monopolies (when not imposed by government) can be broken through the introduction of innovative and quality products. By introducing the personal copier, the company also demonstrated the potential impact of one firm to completely change an industry.

Concepts of Family Nursing Theory

Nurses hold a unique position among wellness c ar professionals in terms of prolonged proximity to patients during a stay in hospital or while a per word of honor with a long-term health problem is being c atomic number 18d for at home. In contemporary context it is necessary to address the inescapably of the families whose lives may be irrevocably changed by the illness of champion member. As Friedman (199229) put it The psychosocial strains on a family with a member suffering a chronic or emotional state-threatening condition can rival the physical strains on the patient. However, it is not only in relation to chronic illness and disability that families may stand in need of help.The family developmental life cycle involves natural transitions which may create considerable stress. One example might be a woman trying to deal with an adolescent son who is engaging in risk-taking with drugs and alcohol, to protect her younger son from his brothers influence, to persuade her busy husband to give to a greater extent attention to his family while providing few support for her mother who is care for an increasingly frail husband. There is potential for conflict in both of these relationships as family members undertake to balance their own needs with those of other members of the family, and of the family as a unit.Such family tensions are likely to influence the health and well-being of each family member, and their ability to deal with unanticipated events such as accidents or unemployment. Wherever families are struggling to maintain or restore equilibrium, to find ways of act effectively with crisis or with long-term stress, nurses may find themselves in a supportive role.Frude (1990) identifies that in the lit on families virtually authors focus upon individuals and regard other members as being the social context of the person. opposite authors look at the family unit as a whole with individual members as parts of the whole.This character is pert inent to discussions on family nurse. Currently nurses and their colleagues see it as both legitimate and important to take into aim the family context of their patients or clients. Much more discussion and collaboration takes place with relatives than in the past. Nurses in some specialties, for instance community nursing, pediatrics or psychiatric nursing, might argue that because of the nature of their work they cause always been concerned with the family of the particular client or patient.From the contemporary perspective, it is useful to be aware of how family bit is changing in order to have a mind to the wider context of society as a whole. It is possible to be under the impression that the family today is in terminal decline if all that one reads in the popular press is to be believed. A closer look behind the headlines reveals that what is understood to be under threat is the traditional deuce biological parent household with dep set asideent children, the nuclear fami ly. It is increasingly apparent that a growing minority of children will experience life in a family that is headed by a lone parent, usually the mother, before they reach adulthood. A popular misconception is that the majority of these mothers are individual(a) women.Their numbers are growing faster than other groups, the figures for which seem to have established at the end of the 1990s, but divorced, separated and widowed mothers still constitute the majority. In addition, the divorce rate in remarried couples trunk higher than for the general population. There are some factors involved in this but the additional stresses of a reconstituted family may make them more vulnerable to breakdown, for instance the parent-child bond predating the marital bond can breath to step-parents competing with their children for primacy with their spouse.Dimmock (1992) notes that too often the blended family is cast in the mould or ideal of the nuclear family. Indeed, many of those involved ar e keen to view it in that light. Remarried families can often be struggling with discrepant emotional issues at the same time as coping with family transitions. Dimmock (1992) also indicates that society offers the choice of two conceptual models, that of the nuclear family or the wicked step-parent (mostly stepmothers) of fairy tales. The family nursing model allows accommodation of a family with little rigid boundaries. A nurse, perhaps in the role of health visitor, with an understanding of family systems and family nursing could provide valuable support and help for these families to work through some of the issues involved.There is another group of families which is becoming more prominent, particularly in the United States. Lesbian and gay parenting is currently a topic of hot arouse as our society struggles to decide whether it will move forward on human rights issues or attempt to retrench and move back into a mythical past of family values. Increasingly in the US this i s an heavens of interest and debate, especially as reproductive technologies have advanced so that it is possible for the lesbian woman to contemplate pregnancy without a male partner.Gay men wishing to raise a family are also becoming a focus for media interest and debate in this country. The impact of AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus infection has also highlighted issues concerning next of kin with gay men, particularly within the health service and in legal terms.This demonstrates the appropriateness of accepting the notion that, from a nursing perspective, the family is who the individual identifies, although it may not inevitably conform to biological or legal ways of thinking.From the personal viewpoint, the strongest argument for the appropriateness of family nursing in the United States now is the massive shift of care from hospitals and institutions to the community. Patients in hospital are more sapiently ill, with resultant stress for families who need support. In the community families are in the first line of caring for individuals with intractable, often severe, health problems.At the same time, the purpose of nursing is to provide care for those with continuous needs in partnership with people and with other organizations. Therefore, I totally agree with the purpose of family nursing set forth by Hanson (19878) which is to promote, maintain, and restore family health. Moreover, family nursing is concerned with the interactions between the family and society and among the family and individual family members.ReferencesDimmock, B. (1992) A child of our own, health Visitor, 65, 10368-370Friedman, M.M. (1992) Family nursing Theory and practice, 3rd edn, ConnecticutAppleton & Lange.Frude, N. (1990) Understanding family problems A psychological approach, ChichesterJohn Wiley & SonsHanson, S.M.H. (1987) Family nursing and chronic illness, in Wright, L., Leahey, M. (1987)Families and chronic illness, Pennsylvania Springhouse.

Implications of Islamic finance for securities law in New Zealand Essay

The spheric growth and growth of Shariah pliable financial products has been more(prenominal) pronounced in the last three decades, when several countries already had established laws and regulations governing finance and securities.The reflection of variety of peachy market products, compounded by progression of market activity, not confined to the handed-down jurisdictions in Asia and the Middle East and the development and advancement of technology has led to global trade in Shariah lamblike products not limited by the geographical boundaries, whereas in the altogether Zealand has laws governing investment and finance, what argon the implications of Moslem finance for securities law in New Zealand? Furthermore how has the development of Shariah compliant financial products occurred in New Zealand and what is the regulative treatment of these products?Introduction Moslem capital securities and Shariah compliant products, which were previously predominantly viewed as a preserve of Middle East and East Asia, has received geographical expansion beyond the traditional spheres of activity. The global impacts of Shariah compliant products resulted to the recognition of such products, hence International shaping of Securities Commissions hence creating Islamic Capital foodstuff Task Force to access the compatibility of IOSCO? s core principles with the products and practices of Islamic finance.The securities of several countries were created and implemented before the global recognition of Islamic laws concerning finance and securities. In New Zealand, several laws which govern securities were implemented long before IOSCOs creation and recognition of Islamic Capital Market Task Force, these laws include The Securities solve 1978, Securities Regulations 1983, The Securities Markets trifle 1988, Securities Act (Contributory Mortgage) Regulations 1988, monetary Reporting Act 1993, Securities (Fees) Regulations 1998 and the Securities Markets (Fees) Regulations 2003.The growth of compliant financial services as undergo global growth and several measurement metrics eat been recognised, such as FTSE Global Islamic powerfulness series, Global Dow Jones Islamic Market Index , FTSE Shariahh Global Equity Index , Bursa Malaysia Hijrah Shariahh and EMAS Shariahh indices, FTSE SET Shariahh Index, FTSE SGX Shariahh Index Series and the FTSE SGX Shariah Index Series which on critical analysis reveals that the global performance of Shariah compliant financial services has been on the positive trend, withal New Zealand does not have Islamic compliant Series and as such, whereas the laws have been amended and changed several times, the global influence of Shariah compliant products is bound to have unfavorable impacts on the securities law in New Zealand.Literature Review The Islamic finance sectors in footing of Shariah deference incorporate diverse spectrum of financial services such as securities, banking, insurance, non-bank mo netary arbitration and capital markets where these products are influenced by the common Shariah heavy maxim where any action is permitted unless expressible prohibited by law jibe to El-Hawary, Grais & Iqbal the growth of Islamic finance in the 1980s and 1990s involved in the first place the augmentation of banking and trade-related support activities. The Islamic finance sector is a product of Shariah laws, which are founded on Quran, Ahadith , Ijma, Qiyas, and Ijtihad, the laws however master the Islamic way of life in entirety, where associated influence of rules, laws and interpretations of Shariah is demonstrated in the religious, cultural, social, political and communal aspects of Muslims. According to Muhammad Ashraf , the convergence of the countrys regulatory laws, and the Shariah compliancy should be ground on the principle of concordare leges legibus est optims interpretandi modus which dictates that the beat mode of interpreting laws is to make laws agree with law s.New Zealand being a member of International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) which mandated the formation of an Islamic Capital Market Task Force (ICMTF) is envisioned to embrace fully and aline with international defined standards of Shariah compliancy, however the Securities Act 1978, which regulates primary markets in New Zealand forms a basis of regulation, Securities Markets Act 1988 regulates secondary markets, furthermore there exists legislations that impact on securities such as Unit Trusts Act 1960, Financial Reporting Act 1993, KiwiSaver Act 2006, and Companies Act 1993, these acts come in force before the prominence of Shariah compliant financial products.Mansoor H Khan , and argues that the implications of Islamic finance on laws are a challenge ground on divergence of Islamic banking courts and conventional court systems, where disputed cases of the Islamic banks are subjected conventional legal system while in essence the nature of the legal system o f Islam differs, he further argues lively laws, are repugnant to injunctions of Islam, yet they are expected to promulgate Shariah compliant legal cases and products.This supports the argument by Yong-Jae Chang , and Jun-Hee Choi , where existent laws are identified as inhibitors to development of Shariah compliant products, and advocates amendment of subsisting laws since Islamic banking resembles universal banking, consequently, laws and regulations motivation to be amended accordingly to provision for the universal approach, this complies with Securities Act 1978, which grants the Securities Commission leeway to co-operate with similar bodies overseas. The intension of Islamic finance are disposed by the Shariah laws governing finance and investment, which are bound to have influence is the principle of materiality where financial transactions should bear material in terms of unquestionable monetary transaction.In this case Shariah compliancy in terms of financial reward achi evement is based on musharaka, in terms of joint ventures, where risks and financial results are shared by the contributing partners and mudaraba centred on trust financing where the outcome of business venture is shared by capital contributor and the managing partner. Shariah laws besides prohibits predetermined touch rate, referred as riba or usury set ex ante, in this regard banks are disallowed from charging additional interests, which do not equally benefit the client, consideration of New Zealand laws, Securities Markets Act 1988 , requires brokers and investment advisers offer customers written disclosure statement and forbids market manipulation, hence agreeing with Shariah.With the principle of risk-sharing, the finance provider as advantageously as the loaned party share risks, in exchange of profits and losses, the attractiveness of such arrangement has deepen the growth of Shariah compliant especially to risk averse investors, regulations however have to be modified to go such an arrangement. The Securities Act 1978 & Securities Regulations 1983 allows clients to cancel allotment of security midterm as a result of take information, on the Islamic perspective, Shariah dictates murabaha (mark-up financing), which occurs in terms of Basic Murabaha, Commodity Murabaha and Reverse Murabaha in which a financing institution buys products for a client and sells them on on a deferred basis, adding an agreed profit margin , however the agreement can be cancelled midterm, this conforms with existing laws on securities and can foster development of Shariah compliant products.Ijara which governs operating Lease and Ijara wa Iqtina which governs finance Lease are also products which demand less amendment of existing laws, since they are modelled on conventional sale agreements where the financial institutions acquire assets and leases them to a customer who may obtain the said assets at a later date, this is also exhibited in Diminishing Musharaka. On co ntrast however, qard hassana which prohibits charging interest on loans and baisalam or baisalaf is based on delivery or the purchased commodity, are different from the conventionally judge principles of financial institutions which are geared towards achieving profits by charging interests.According to IOSCO report, Shariah law prohibits gharar or improbableness or speculation, in actual sense however, financial markets are laden with vibrant and fickle behavior, whereas Shariah principle states that hump disclosure of information is a requisite and disallows indiscretion of information in a contract, while allowing improbability with controllable on the society, in New Zealand, the Financial Reporting Act 1993 , agrees with the Shariah laws and further defines the terms of compliance by defining the punitive measures against truant financial institutions.Conclusion The global pace of market development hint on interest to offer Shariahh compliant financial products by financial institutions globally, the fact that regulatory bodies such as International Organization Of Securities Commissions distinguishes these products means that global recognition and regulation of Islamic finance is eminent, with collaboration, information exchange and thematic work by financial institutions globally, New Zealand financial institutions will be compelled to offer Shariah compliant products, in essence this shall contribute to altering of the countrys laws to accommodate the new-sprung(prenominal) product.